A Comparison of Jacques-Lois David and Joseph Goebbels Essay -- essays

The essence of propaganda consists in winning people over to an idea so sincerely, so vitally, that in the end they succumb to it utterly and can never again escape from it (Goebbels). Both Jacques-Lois David and Joseph Goebbels were aspiring men who rose above the standards that were ring for them and utilized their own individual talent in order to sway peoples opinions to match their own. They both possessed extraordinary talent and ideas for their time, where Jacques-Lois David was an artisan who mastered in the neoclassical style of painting and used his art work as a form of propaganda to represent a biased find from a revolutionary on occurring events where as Joseph Goebbels had superb journaling abilities and dominated the media in Russia. Jacques-Lois David was an exquisite artist of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century who had a healthy educated background in the field of painting. After the tragic death of his father, Jacques-Lois David went to live with his u ncle Francois Buron. From here David went to study at Academie Royales, in Italy, and was taught by J.M Vein who was a master of the Rococo style. After four years of attending Academie Royales David won the internationally recognized Prix de Rome with his work of Antiochus and Stratonice. David returned to Paris, after spending five years in Italy drawing antique models, to open his own studio where he taught and took on commissioned portraits. Jacques-Lois David was already beginning to set a fashio...

Opportunities and Threats facing the U.S Airline Industry Essay

Opportunities and Threats facing the U.S Airline Industry The health of the oerall U.S airway industry is still tenuous in-spite of the passenger traffic volumes returning to pre-9/11 levels. A survey estimated that from 2001 through 2003, the US airline industry reported to learn lost $23.2 billion dollars, compounded by an additional $1.6 billion in the first quarter of 2004. This $24.8 billion shortfall exceeds the total profits earned over the entire six-year period 1995-2000Drastic changes in the Economic, Political/legal and technological segment of airlines external environs contributed to some of the major looses seen by the industry. The key factors that heavily contributed to the loses includeEconomic slow down in the countryMassive decline in business travelSARS plagueyIncrease in competition Availability of substitutes for air travelsoaring fuel pricesWeak dollarIn response to the industrys fiscal crisis, Congress made available several forms of relief that amounted t o over $20billion. This relief includes the payment of upto $5billion in pretax cash assistance to reimburse air careers for losses incurred as a direct result of the 4-day government shut-down of air traffic after 9/11. However, relief measures were not enough to bring the airline industry erupt of hot water. Most of the airlines have accumulated vast amounts of debt which brought them on the verge of bankruptcy. The list includes Atlas/Polar Cargo, Midway, National, Sun Country, TWA, United and US Airways. American and Delta airlines narrowly avoided bankruptcy but have warned about such possibility. An average carrier is now well over 90% leveraged (net debt to equity ratio) compared to 60-70 percent historically. This means around airlines are now completely leveraged and unable to obtain capital. This has added to significant debt service costs and will make the industry even more vulnerable to both future economic downturns. With industry debt well over $100 billion, much o f it due in the next 24 month. 11 of 12 airlines are rated pan bonds by S&P. Only Southwest remains at an investment grade.Almost all airlines are faced with the same challenges and threats in the external environment like rising fuel cost, weak travel demand etc. Some airlines like Southwest, JetBlue and AirTran whi... ...work and take necessary action to adapt and sustain its warlike posture. Southwest employs integrated low-cost and identify strategy which enables the firm toAdapt quickly to environment changesLearns and implement new skills and technology quicklyEffectively give its core competency while competing against rivals.To sustain a competitive advantage and to seek above average returns, Southwest implements this strategy to produce relatively differentiated service at lower cost compared to its rivals. Yes this strategy is appropriate to offset the forces in the industry. Southwest should grow internationally as the demand for air-line travel has good declined d omestically in the last couple of years and will continue to decline further in some segments like business or bodily travel. The major reason I feel is the growth in communication technology enabling people to work remotely without the need to be inclose in the office. Voice and data over IP, Live meeting and communication services have substantially reduced the need for corporate executive and divisional managers to travel thus lowering the demand further.

Essay --

(a) Deadweight loss, or as termed in the question, welfare loss, is the loss of consumer and producer surplus as a result of inefficient food market activity, including noncompetitive competition. According to the Theory of the Firm, monopoly power includes a much higher barrier of entry, which further impedes competition by increasing the start-up cost, which essentially creates high production prices, compared to the firms, which hold the monopoly power of production, and have already established production. As a result there a loss of productive and allocate efficiency, thus further welfare loss, by decreasing consumer surplus due to limited competition and subsequent monopoly powers, which en satisfactory profit-maximization at a small production output, creating a deadweight loss.(b)By using anti-monopoly legislation and price regulations, two different forms of government interventional policies that are utilized to offset the market inefficiency, and subsequent loss of wel fare, which monopoly power encourages, governments are able to reduce monopoly power in a sector of economy. The diagram below compares monopolistic competition and perfect competition As the diagram above illustrates, the monopolistic profit maximization lies at the average market cost, representing a large deadweight loss in the triangle formed by ATC, AR and Monopoly Output. To combat this, reduction welfare loss by increasing output and lowering prices, government intervention may prove an efficient method of solving the problem of monopoly. By legislating anti-monopolistic policies, for example lowering barriers of entry to encourage competition that was previously unsuccessful due to the monopoly-induced high barriers of entry. This would profit companie... ... directly allocates funds to purposes of increase economic development, then they unconsciously limit the growth, which the nation will experience, because the financial resources have been used for secondary purposes . This can be exemplified in several socialists economic measures, such as taxation, point payments, indirect taxes, excessive government expenditure, with which the government aims to improve equity and income equality, but at the cost of economic and financial growth. However, taxation and transfer payments, will reduce the utilization of scarce resources of human labour, in the sense that it might limit the individual incentive to work, when the state offers alternative ways of income. This is sight in countries with large taxations, where transfer payment represent a living for many citizens, again with reference to the Scandinavian countries.

Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide - Who Wants It? :: Euthanasia Physician Assisted Suicide

Euthanasia - Who Wants It? In Los Angeles, former respiratory therapist Efren Saldivar was charged with six counts of murder in January for allegedly giving lethal injections to patients at Glendale Adventist medical checkup Center in 1996 and 1997. Saldivar has reportedly called himself an angel of death and confessed in 1998 to hastening anywhere from 100 to 200 deaths, but later retracted the confession. He is withal the plaintiff in several civil suits for wrongful death, though some of these have been dismissed for lack of evidence. A hearing in his criminal trial is plan for the end of March Los Angeles Times, 3/10/01, 1/13/01, 1/11/01. In Springfield, Massachusetts, jury deliberations began February 23 in what has been called one of the most scandalmongering murder cases in western Massachusetts history. Kristen H. Gilbert, a 33-year-old nurse, is accused of bolt downing four patients at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Northampton and trying to kill three others in 1995 and 1996, using unauthorized injections of adrenaline Springfield Union-News, 2/25. Cases of involuntary euthanasia keep making headlines, but who wants it? Certainly not the elderly and terminally ill. Numerous studies have established that the Americans most directly affected by the issue of physician-assisted self-annihilation -- those who argon frail, elderly and suffering from terminal illness -- are also more opposed to legalizing the practice than others are * A poll conducted for the Washington Post on March 22-26, 1996, found 50% support for legalizing physician-assisted suicide (Washington A18) Voters aged 35-44 supported legalization, 57% to 33%. But these figures reversed for voters aged 65 and older, who opposed legalization 54% to 38%. Majority opposition was also found among those with incomes under $15,000 (54%), and black Americans (70%). * An August 1993 Roper poll funded by the Hemlock Society and other euthanasia supporters indicated that voters aged 18-29 supported physician-aided suicide 47% to 35% voters aged 60 and older opposed it 45% to 35%. Hemlocks newsletter commented that the younger the person, the more likely he or she is to favor this legislation. The newsletter added that this is somewhat at odds with how Hemlock views its membership, since it sees itself as defending the interests of elderly citizens. (Humphry Poll 9) A study of cancer patients found that terminally ill patients experiencing profound pain are more opposed to physician-assisted suicide than other terminally ill patients or the general public.

The Artificial Nigger: Truths Behind Racism Essay -- essays research p

In OConnors "The Artificial Nigger" the essences of prejudice and degradation are captured to a keen extent. Reality shows us with needless consistency people in a need to feel better about themselves only achieve it by being better than soul else. Therefore every opportunity at hand, including racism, is taken advantage as a form of gratification. Mr. Head, the grandfather, is an example of one of these people. He is in competition with manifestly everyone he encounters while in a twenty-four hour period trip to the City. Racism is just one of the ways he utilizes to demean others while elevating his declare self-image. OConnors enactment of a Southern, and close-minded person goes into the extreme depths of what constitutes as well as produces an imprudent racist. Mr. Head, a self-proclaimed missionary, plans on taking his grandson, Nelson, to Atlanta urban center. Intending to introduce Nelson to the focal menstruation of his racist teachings. However, Mr. Heads s ubconscious motives are to have Nelson confide his grandfathers existence in his life is indispensable. He hopes Nelson dependency upon him increases. Doing so would not only make his own self feel superior but also satisfy his own dependency needs. Hes content with the thought that once Nelson has had the opportunity in experiencing the city. He exit "be content to stay at home for the rest of his life"(251). His only comforting thoughts, as he laid to sleep before the day of the trip, were not of turning Nelson into a racist however, of "thinking how the boy would at last find out that he was not as smart as he thought he was"(251). Degrading anyone, including his own grandson, is another way by which Mr. Head crowd out feel satisfied with himself. He welcomes and anticipates the point at which Nelson questions his own intelligence. Towards the beginning of the story Mr. Head belittles Nelson rationalizing once arriving in the city "he willve been there twic t"(250). Considering Atlanta was his place of birth Nelson believed it to be true. Logically Nelson do sense nevertheless, "Mr. Head had contradicted him" (250). Irony is first present here as Mr. Head continuously accuses Nelson of being ignorant, yet Mr. Head is the one displaying ignorance in every spoken.From the beginning of the story Mr. Head is seen as a character extremely selfish and only concerned with ... ...ad, now faced with a choice, I believe chooses to ignore his enlightenment. His character throughout the story displayed ignorant, adolescent, frightful behaviors. I find it hard to believe him altering his manner. Hes acknowledged his dependency on Nelson and Nelson now is conform to him. As they stood watching the train fade into the distance, he comments, "Im glad Ive went once, but Ill never go vertebral column again". (270) Nelson finally concedes to have experienced the city once, not twice as he adamantly claimed. For Mr. Head choosing t o do nothing is a choice in itself."The Artificial Nigger" is a great story, which can be used to help better understand what sorts of underlining factors come into play when people have deep hatreds of distinct cultures. Not commonly can a racist attribute all his hate to the color of ones skin. There are almost always other issues, which can be linked back to low self worth. Such as if someone of a different race was promoted while another looked over. Those are such beginnings of racist thoughts and later actions. deeds CitedOConnor, Flannery. Complete Stories by Flannery OConnor New York Farrar, Straus, Giroux 1979

The Artificial Nigger: Truths Behind Racism Essay -- essays research p

In OConnors "The Artificial Nigger" the essences of prejudice and degradation are captured to a great extent. Reality shows us with needless accord people in a need to tincture better about themselves only achieve it by being better than someone else. Therefore every(prenominal) opportunity at hand, including racism, is taken advantage as a form of gratification. Mr. cope, the grandfather, is an example of one of these people. He is in competition with seemingly everyone he encounters part in a day trip to the City. Racism is just one of the ways he utilizes to demean others while elevating his own self-image. OConnors depiction of a Southern, and closed-minded person goes into the extreme depths of what constitutes as well as produces an imprudent racist. Mr. Head, a self-proclaimed missionary, plans on taking his grandson, Nelson, to Atlanta city. Intending to introduce Nelson to the focal point of his racist teachings. However, Mr. Heads subconscious motives are t o have Nelson believe his grandfathers existence in his life is indispensable. He hopes Nelson dependency upon him increases. Doing so would not only make his own self feel superior but also satisfy his own dependency needs. Hes satisfy with the sight that once Nelson has had the opportunity in experiencing the city. He will "be content to stay at home for the rest of his life"(251). His only comforting thoughts, as he laid to sleep before the day of the trip, were not of move Nelson into a racist however, of "thinking how the boy would at last find out that he was not as smart as he thought he was"(251). Degrading anyone, including his own grandson, is another way by which Mr. Head can feel satisfied with himself. He welcomes and anticipates the point at which Nelson questions his own intelligence. Towards the line of the drool Mr. Head belittles Nelson rationalizing once arriving in the city "he willve been there twict"(250). Considering Atlanta was hi s place of birth Nelson believed it to be true. Logically Nelson made sense nevertheless, "Mr. Head had contradicted him" (250). Irony is first present here as Mr. Head continuously accuses Nelson of being ignorant, yet Mr. Head is the one displaying ignorance in every spoken.From the beginning of the story Mr. Head is seen as a source extremely selfish and only concerned with ... ...ad, now faced with a choice, I believe chooses to ignore his enlightenment. His character throughout the story displayed ignorant, adolescent, frightful behaviors. I find it hard to believe him altering his manner. Hes acknowledged his dependency on Nelson and Nelson now is conforming to him. As they stood observation the train fade into the distance, he comments, "Im glad Ive went once, but Ill never go back again". (270) Nelson finally concedes to have experienced the city once, not doubly as he adamantly claimed. For Mr. Head choosing to do nothing is a choice in itself."The Ar tificial Nigger" is a great story, which can be used to help better understand what sorts of underlining factors come into play when people have deep hatreds of distinct cultures. Not commonly can a racist attribute all his hate to the color of ones skin. There are almost always other issues, which can be linked back to low self worth. Such as if someone of a different race was promoted while another looked over. Those are such beginnings of racist thoughts and later actions. Works CitedOConnor, Flannery. Complete Stories by Flannery OConnor New York Farrar, Straus, Giroux 1979

Human Resource Planning Essay

DefinitionHuman Resources Planning is defined as the process of assessing an boldnesss human resources needs in the light of organizational goals and changing condition and qualification plans to hear that a competent, stable manpower is employed. The actual planning process will vary a great deal from organization to organizationAs defined by Bulla and Scott (1994), human resource planning is the process for ensuring that the human resource requirements of an organization be identified and plans are do for satisfying those requirements. Reilly (2003) defined workforce planning as A process in which an organization attempts to estimate the admit for labour and evaluate the size, nature and sources of supply which will be required to meet the demand. Human resource planning includes creating an employer brand, retention strategy, absence precaution strategy, flexibleness strategy, talent management strategy, recruitment, and selection strategy.However, James Walker pointed out that for some companies, human resources planning is essentially management succession and development planning.For others it is the staffing process which includes prognosticate and planning for recruitment, deployment, development and attrition of talent in relation to changing needs. Increasingly, however, it is a broader process addressing multiple levels for increasing organization effectiveness on the management of Human Resources. According to Walker, effective human resources planning is a process of analyzing an organization human resources needs under changing condition and development of the activities necessity to satisfy those needs.Walker sees human resources planning as two step processes, planning as they pertain to all aspects of personnel management. This will include for character planning with respect to desired organizational climate and development of staff reward and appraisal system appropriate to short ambit and long range organizational goals. This imp lies that jock must be proactive and as well as reactive.Pattern states that Human Resource Planning is the process by which a firm ensures that it has the right minute of people and the right kind of people in the right place at the right time doing things for which they economically closely useful.Fayana (2002) emphasized that human resource planning deals with the systematic and continuing process of analyzing a firms human resources needs under mutating conditions and developing workforce policies suitable to the long-term effectiveness of the organization. It is a vital part of corporate planning and budgeting procedure since human resources costs and forecasting both effect and are affected by long-term corporate plans.Need and Importance of HRPHuman resource Planning translates the organization objectives and plans into the number of workers needed to meet these objectives. The need and sizeableness of HRP is as followsHRP helps in determining the future manpower requirem ents and avoids problems like over staffing or understaffing in the organization. HRP helps in tackling with the factors like competition, technology, government policies etc. that generates changes in the handicraft content, skill requirements and number and types of personnel required. Now a days there is a demand of exceptional intellectual skills while the existing staff becomes redundant, the HR manager has to attract and retain qualified and skilled personnel and also required to deal with issues like career development, succession planning for which he takes the help of HRP.A proper and realistic human resource plan is needed to ensure equal employment and promotional appointments to the candidates for weaker sections, physically handicapped and socially and politically oppressed citizens. HRP provides valuable and timely information for various designing and execution of personnel functions like recruitment, selection, transfers, promotions, layoffs, training and developmen t and performance appraisal. It helps the organization to anticipate derangement in human resources, which in turn will facilitate reduction in personal costs. HRP facilitates planning for future needs which will help in better planning of assignments to develop managers and to ensure the organization has a steady supply of experienced and skilled employees.Factors Affecting Human Resource PlanningHRP is a dynamic and ongoing process. The process of updating is not very simple, since HRP is influenced by many factors, which are as follows1. The type of organization determines the production process and number and type of staff needed.2. The human resource needs of an organization depend on the strategic plan adopted by it. For e.g. the growth of a personal credit line calls for hiring of additional labor, while mergers will need a plan for layoffs.3. Organization operates under different political, social environment and has to carefully formulate the HR policies and so the HR man ager has to evolve suitable mechanism to deal with uncertainties through career developments, succession planning, retirement schemes etc.4. HRP also depends on the time periods and then the short and long-term plans are adopted. And this time span is based on the degree of environmental uncertainties.5. The type and quality of information used in making forecasting is an important factor influencing HRP. Accurate and timely human resource information system helps in getting better quality personnel.6. HRP is required to ensure that suitable candidates should be appointed at the right kind of job. Limitations of Human Resource Planninga. It is very difficult to ascertain future manpower requirements of an organization, as future is always uncertain.b. It is more relevant to the countries that face the problem of scarcity of human resources.c. It is a time consuming and costlier process.d. It is beneficial in the organizations that adopt a professional approach and at the same time are conscious about the changing environment.e. HRP is beneficial where adequate skilled manpower is available.f. HRP is also made difficult in the organizations that have a very high labor turnover.

Grimshaw V. Ford Motor Company Essay

Facts1. get across developed a new model, later to be known as the pinto, changing the formula drastically. 2. Ford discovered that the fuel tanks position was in a vulnerable place and the car failed to met crash safety standards. 3. Ford was aware of the small constitute to help the fuel tanks meet standards but refused to use them due to the slight delay in production that might occur and approved production of the prototype. 4. A 1972 Ford Pinto was involved in a rear ending when it unexpectedly stalled causing the care (presumably the fuel tank) to burst into flames. 5. A Mrs. Lilly Gray was died as provide and her son 13 year-old Richard suffered severe and permanently disfiguring burns to his face and entire body.Legal Procedure/History1. Grimshaw sued the Ford Motor Company for punitive amends. 2. Grimshaw awarded redress in the amount of about $3.5 million. 3. Ford aggregations punitive damages. 4. Appeal is denied and decision to award punitive damages up held.Issues (Holdings)1. Did Ford exhibit malice which is infallible to establish in order to award punitive damages? (Yes) 2. The punitive damages awarded are too high for current Californian law, is this unlawful? (No) cogitate1. Malice has been also interpreted to mean a conscious disregard of the fortune that the actors conduct will result injury to others. 2. Although higher(prenominal)(prenominal) than monetary penalties under government regulations, the punitive damages are to prevent firms in the future from do by safety and possible negative consequences.Rule of right1. The primary reason for having and awarding punitive damages is to punish and deter the conduct by wrongdoers and others.Your Response I completely agree with the decision.Questions1. Punitive damages were awarded due to the fact that Ford was found to have acted with malice in regards to their production of the Pinto. It has been also interpreted to mean a conscious disregard of the probability that the actors condu ct will result injury to others. And this is exactly what Ford did when they disregarded the fuel tank findings and refused to add the safety precautions to the fuel tank. Although higher than monetary penalties under government regulation, the punitive damages were high in order to set an example so that firms in the future would be deterred from disregarding safety and possible negative consequences when producing their products.2. Although the cost is higher than the saving in the short run I believe it would be to Fords well-being to take on the cost of adding the additional safety measures due to the fact that in the long run with more and more deaths attributed to what could be called the greedy, callous character of Ford, sales could decrease. By absorbing the $137.5 million and allowing the public to know of Fords action (due to our concern over their safety) could possibly generate a unplayful amount of future sales. On the other hand should the public discover that death s could have been prevented public trust in the beau monde could decline causing Fords sales to suffer the same fate.3. First the actual cause of Holmes accident should be verified, if it was indeed due to the tires, then yes he should be allowed to appeal for a trial. 4. First of all, even though they bare the heaviest blame (in my opinion) they werent the only ones responsible for the advancement of the Pintos design. Putting them in jail would on the nose gull way for Ford to replace them with others who could potentially make the same decision. It would also be sending the message to other firms officers to make sure that they arent the ones holding the bag at the end of the day.This only put a few in the industry on guard. Having the entire company pay punitive damages causes the entire industry to be on guard and makes all within the company liable. On the other hand, having to pay such(prenominal) exorbitant amounts could potentially cause a company to go out of business o r cause them to downsize (fire employees to save money) effecting all that work there, whether or non they were involved in the design and decision making process. (I.e. they could fire janitors that work at their offices.)

Leader More Feared than Loved: Evaluating Chapter 17

A leader is some sensation who is followed by others. All opusagers be not leading, but satisf figure outory leaders green goddess be good managers. Those who are not trusted or respected by their employees may fail when driveing to institute something new. They can tell every unmatch fitted to do something, and even show them how, but the employees do not embrace the new program and it may not succeed. Employees, on the other hand, go forth embrace a new program (even if they dont particularly like it) simply because they trust the managers judgment and vision.We drop heard about military leaders who led their troops into dangerous, near-certain expiry situations. On the other hand, we heard about soldiers in Vietnam who assassinated officers rather than obey them. Why would soldiers in the first example follow the officer into engagement knowing they would probably be knock downed, while those in the second case not only refused to follow, but actually went so far as to kill the officer? Was it because of the cause or because of the officer?Niccol Machiavelli wrote The Prince during the Renaissance in sixteenth-century Florence, Italy. It was one of the first texts on leading. Machiavelli was a government official during a period of state of war and political intrigue between city-states vying for hegemony, and he had a cynical view of human nature, believing that people were motivated by very narrow self-interest.Most highlighted in the book is Machiavellis dictum, found in Chapter 17, which advised the leader or prince that it was better(p) to be feared than to be loved by the governed because love is a quicksilver(a) emotion, whereas fear is constant. In other words, survival is a basic human instinct that dominates other emotions. Machiavelli also suggested that a leader should engage in lies or deceptions for the good of society, as long as he appears to be virtuous to the people.The leader should be fair yet tough, harshly punishing d isloyal playing areas to dissuade others from engaging in treason. Machiavelli believed that the aristocrats close in stature to the prince posed the greatest threat to his welfare and that the prince had to use cunning and intrigue to keep them off balance. Thus, he warned the leader not to trust his peers. He believed that an effective leader forms alliances of convenience with some enemies to keep more positionful enemies off balance.Summarizing Chapter 17At the beginning of Chapter 17 of The Prince, Machiavelli purports that there is no doubt that the leader must have compassion. Similar to macrocosm generous, compassion is usually admired by everyone. However, Machiavelli warned that a prince must be vigilant that he does not show compassion indiscriminately. If a prince is too compassionate, and does not adequately punish disloyal subjects, he creates an atmosphere of dis show, since his subjects take the liberty to do what they pleaseeven to the extremes of murder and t heft. With this, Machiavelli envisioned that these crimes talent harm the entire community, whereas executions harm only the individuals who commit crimes.Thus, Machiavelli suggested that some degree of brutalty is necessary to save order in a particular community. However, the prince must heed the warning of being judicious in end points of his decisions with regards to cruelty it should be coupled with captious judgement, humanity and prudence.At this point, Machiavelli reflected on whether is it better off being feared or being loved. Ideally, a prince should be both loved and feared, but this condition is nearly arrant(a) and difficult to attain. So Machiavelli deemed, when forced to make a choice, it is much better to be feared than loved. This is because men, by nature, are ungrateful, fickle, dissembling, anxious to flee danger, and covetous of gain. This decision is approximately applicable during times of danger or emergencies, it is easier to break a bond of love wh en the situation arises, but the fear of punishment is always effective, regardless of the situation.Yet, Machiavelli reminded that when choosing to generate fear, a prince must be wary to avoid inducing hatred. This is for the reason that the leader must make sure that every move he makes are mightily justified and agreeable to majority of his people. Most importantly, leaders should not abuse his authority by taking the property of his subjects or take their women, since these actions are most likely to breed hatred. If a prince must confiscate property, he must make sure he has a convincing reason. With ones army, however, there is no such thing as too much cruelty. Keeping an army disciplined and united requires cruelty, even inhuman cruelty.In a nutshell, Chapter 17 of The Prince argues that it is better for a prince to be severe when punishing people rather than merciful because severity finished death sentences affects only a few, but it discourages crimes which affects u mpteen people. Moreover, Machiavelli ultimately recommended that it is better to be feared than to be loved. But Machiavelli warned of the prince should avoid being hated, which he can easily accomplish by not taking past the property of his subjects people more quickly forget the death of their father than the loss of their inheritance.Man of No VirtueThe man of virt has no virtue. This statement does adequately describe one of Machiavellis position in The Prince. Machiavelli can be seen as a supporter of Remigio and Dante, rather than Aristotle. Throughout his treatise, Machiavelli most in spades strives to acquire peace treaty, but he feels that virtue is not necessary. Rather, Machiavelli suggests that peace should be the sole legitimizing factor of a rule. A good swayer should simply rule by whatever means necessary to achieve peace. A good ruler ignores virtue and must be practical, rather than impractical. The practical ruler is tightfisted, justly cruel, feared and resp ected, aquiline on subject loyalty, and able to use advisers as tools.First and foremost, what is the difference between virt and virtue? A person who is said to possess virtue is ordinarily seen as a person who is of high moral excellence and upright goodness. Common virtues include prudence, courage, and practicality. Virtues are most often found in people who are seen as good. Virt, while extremely similar to virtue, is not quite the same thing in terms of Machiavellis usage of the word. On pages 103 and 104 in addendum B of The Prince, virt is defined. It is defined as having various senses, which include, ability, skill, energy, determination, strength, spiritedness, courage, or prowess. The common reader might interpret all of these senses as differing aspects of virtue. Also, a good ruler is commonly perceived as having virtue or even virt. However, Machiavelli had something a little different in mind.Normally, the term virt is mostly frequently used synonymously with the term virtue. Machiavelli uses the term a little differently. On page 104, it states that, Machiavellis use of the word has overtones of ruthlessness, which is not a characteristic of a good man. Of course, the word which is being described is virt. On the same page of Appendix B, virt is properly defined in Machiavellian terms. It states, Virt, then, in this usual sense (or set of senses) denotes qualities that may have been combined with villainy Therefore, Machiavelli is generally arguing that the man of villainy and ruthlessness has no moral excellence and upright goodness. Since good leaders possess virt, good leaders must thereby be villainous and even nefarious. This can be seen throughout the whole of The Prince.Throughout The Prince, Machiavelli argues that in order to be an excellent ruler, one must possess virt. Virtue is definitely not necessary under a Machiavellian form of rule. According to Machiavelli, a good ruler is one who is in control and will do whatever is nec essary to be successful. The most notable examples can be found in chapters fifteen through twenty-three.In chapter 15 of The Prince, Machiavelli gives his first demarcation as to why rulers should be ruthless. On page 55, Machiavelli states, Yet one should not be troubled about neat notorious for those vices without which it is difficult to preserve ones power On the same page, Machiavelli goes on to write, doing some things that seem virtuous may result in ones ruin, whereas doing other things that seem vicious may strengthen ones position and cause one to flourish. Essentially, Machiavelli is saying that a brainy ruler should not worry about possessing virtue. A proper ruler should have no problem with making friends with vice, so long as in doing so the ruler is being practical and successful. After all, there is no reason to be ruthless without practicality. The only reason for a lack of practicality would be sheer and blatant ignorance.In chapter sixteen of The Prince, Mach iavelli goes on to write that a good ruler should not be overly generous. On page 57, Machiavelli states that the charitable ruler will rule while, being despised and hated and generosity will lead to both. This emphasizes the fact that a tight-fisted ruler will be more popular, and thereby, the better ruler. A ruler who is parsimonious will have money when it is necessary. Machiavelli stresses this on page 56. Rulers who do not waste their money on building projects, delicious patronage, or friendly gifts, will have plenty of money when it is needed, say when a rival state rises up to attack. A ruler who is tight-fisted also would not need to tax his subjects as much as a generous ruler. A generous ruler would need constant high taxes delinquent to his ware expenditure or open-handedness. Of course, generosity is a virtue and in order to posses virt, and hence, a good rule, generosity must be left in the dirt. Therefore, the man who is tight-fisted has no virtue.Machiavellis nex t argument as to why the ruler of virt can have no virtue comes in the next chapter, that is, chapter seventeen. When comparing the cruel and feared ruler to the merciful and loved ruler, the cruel and feared ruler is the exceedingly better ruler. After all, Machiavelli states on page 59, it is much safer to be feared than loved. Cruelty is needed to admit order. If a ruler is cruel to simply those who disobey the law, the lawbreakers alone will suffer. Hence, the people under the ruler will learn not to break the law, due to fear of punishment. Therefore, peaceful order will surely ensue. However, if he is excessively kind and lets public order break down, everyone suffers from the increase in the excess of succeeding robbery, murder, rape, etc. Cruelty is most definitely not a virtue so therefore, Machiavelli agrees again that the man of virt lacks any virtue.Next, on page 64 of chapter nineteen, Machiavelli argues that a ruler becomes despised when he acquires the reputation of being, inconstant, frivolous, effeminate, pusillanimous and irresolute a ruler must avoid contempt as if it were a reef. In order for a ruler to stay in the peoples favor, he must become none of these. Rather, a good ruler would constantly turn up to be the opposite of these. Thus, a good ruler must be usual and accepted, determined and motivated, masculine and rugged, dauntless and courageous, and resolute and unequivocal.If these qualities are necessary for the best affirmable ruler, that ruler should have no problem in trying to attain and maintain these qualities. Again, the ruler should not bother with virtue. Rather, he or she should attempt whatever in their power is necessary to achieve and preserve these qualities. Also, although some people may view these qualities as virtuous, they are still to be win through whatever means necessary. This is a quality of a man of virt. Virtue must be placed aside while attempting to gain these qualities.Following this argument comes one which involves the richness of a fortress. On page 76, Machiavelli states, I criticize anyone who relies upon fortresses, and does not worry about incurring the hatred of the people. Despite the great importance of military power, a ruler who bases his rule on building fortresses to intimidate and threaten his subjects cannot rule securely. The subjects would simply not tolerate it. More than likely, they would look for disher elsewhere, such as a foreign power, and overthrow the ruler. Therefore, the single best fortress that a ruler can have is the loyalty of his or her subjects.Without subject loyalty a ruler is useless. In order to maintain subject loyalty, a ruler must be good. In order to be a good ruler he or she must be feared by the subjects, as salutary as be cruel and tight-fisted. Again, this emphasizes the fact that the best possible ruler can posses no virtue.A final argument is brought forth in chapters twenty-two and twenty-three. On page 80, Machiavelli stat es, The choosing of ministers is a very important matter for a ruler whether or not they are good depends on whether he is shrewd or not. A prince needs able advisers. If the ruler chooses wise advisors, the subjects of the ruler will take him or her to be wise as well. Also, just like the subjects of the rulers, advisers should also be loyal and fearful of the ruler. The ruler must act the same way towards his advisors as he or she does to the subjects. This will show the people that they are no different from the advisors. No jealously would ensue and no rights would be violated. Although, there was no specific rule regarding rights at the time, the subjects would no doubt at least feel inferior. Thus, rule would be maintained by virt and not by virtue, as was previously stated, because cruelty is needed to maintain peace.Machiavelli goes on in chapter twenty-tree to describe more specifically how a ruler is to properly use his or her advisors. After a ruler has taken advice from the advisor, he must make up his own mind about policy decisions. A good ruler should not accept unsolicited advice, and he or she should not let the advisers talk the ruler into constantly changing his mind. This would show everyone that the ruler possesses poor qualities of a ruler. The ruler must rule, not the advisors. Again, the ruler must do this by whatever means necessary. Thus, virt is again favored above virtue.Ultimately, in Machiavellian terms, the man of virt most definitely does not possess virtue. The man of virt, or the good ruler, must be cruel, feared, tightfisted, reliant on subject allegiance, and able to use advisors as tools. The man of virtue would never be any of these. Therefore, the man of virtue would not make a good ruler. Therefore, Machiavelli definitely does not agree with Aristotle in his opinion that virtue can legitimize a ruler. Rather, Machiavelli agrees with Remigio and Dante, in that peace can be substituted for virtue. So long as peace is achie ved, a ruler is successful and good. Peace, through whatever means necessary, is solely legitimizing.ConclusionSome leaders nowadays are still taking their cues from Machiavellis proposition in Chapter 17 of The Prince, believe that fear is more reliable than love as a means of influencing people. It is true that if someone hates and fears you, his or her behavior may be quite predictable. If you have the allies to back up your threats, it may not be necessary for you to get along with the people you work with. But power in public bureaucracy is often a temporary thing, like powerlessness. Yesterdays powerless subordinate may be tomorrows powerful boss.Machiavelli proposed that it is better to be more feared than loved. You can lead by the force of high moral example. History and experience have proven that it could be done. But its risky, because people are fickle, and they will throw out you at the first sign of failure. Fear is much more reliable, and lasts longer. Once you show that you are capable of dealing out terrible punishment to your enemies, your power will be far greater.In closer analysis, Machiavellis proposition is somewhat more troublesome to apply in todays hierarchy. At present, it is peculiar for any leader to have authority over every aspect of his or her job or status. For example, a supervisor might need the help of the personnel office, if he wants to hire someone. You need the help of the budget staff if you must obtain certain resources and need to move money from one live center to another. Organizations operate informally, as well as through a formal hierarchy. In order to get things done, you must sometimes exchange favors and information.Thus, the military capability of a leader in any organization will be a direct reflection of his or her ability to get along with people. You will find it easier to get your work done if people want to help you because they like you or even because they feel sorry for you. If you are feared or hated, you may get cooperation when people have no choice, but the minute you turn your back, your colleagues will find a thousand ways to undermine your attitude.Working in organizations or leading a community involves a series of exchanges rather than power relationships. Like the rest of society, organizations are more complex in the twenty-first century. As organizations change, downsize, and modernize, complexity does not decrease because organizations increase their use of advanced technology and knowledge. Machiavellis proposal that leaders should better be feared than loved would be definitely inappropriate and dangerous, if applied in our time. Just think about the people you step on as you climb up the career ladder might very well see you again on your way down the ladder. Effective leaders should take the long term perspective in considering their strategies.Aggressive leadership does not require you to disregard the feelings of subordinates or co-workers. Leaders who a re committed to the long term perspective usually become quite skilled at influencing people and at stroking key individuals within the organization. Thus, as Machiavellis proposition might have some good points, it could not be well applicable, if we consider the fast-changing times that, more often than not, frown upon leaders who lash out fear on their people.Works CitedMachiavelli, N. The Prince. (Anthony Grafton, Introduction George Bull, trans.). London Penguin Classics, 1999.

Looking for Alibrandi Sumary

chapter 29 stocky Josie at speech night. Speech night was a precise emotional night, the HSC was al some over and it would be the last sequence that they would be wearing their uniform. Im more thanover Dux because I didnt emergency you to be she told me. When josie went to the ladies she bumps into ivy and they start to talk to individuall(a)y other(a) about how c neglect they were to john and that they didnt know what could be astonish caused him to commit self-annihilation, in the end Josie and ivy hug for each one other and Josie tells Ivy that if they eer go to the same university that if they bumped into each other they would go out for a cappuccino.In this chapter we entrance off to see that Ivy and Josie washbasinister get along when they choose to be and unconstipated though they had there ups and d avers they still terminate up as good friends, honourable the authority that john hoped it would be give c ar. chapter 28 summary Josie is hit with a shock ing surprise.When Josie went to work the next solar day she sees Ivy sitting on the stairs retentiveness her head in her hands and Josie asks her what was wrong thusly Ivy tells her that fast unrivaled was dead entirely Josie thought that it was a joke when Ivy told her precisely then when she sawing machine anna come up to her and hold her in her arms and say that she was very sorry josie had to go to the ladies room and she vomited and then when she was done she fell to the reason and she felt like she wanted to cry but she couldnt because she was so angry. he killed himself. He swallowed tab permits and they found him this morning. For Gods sake, josie, hes dead, my scram wrote the fucking autopsy report. In this chapter we get to see that josie and ivy agree so much in common because they some(prenominal)(prenominal) love john and they both cared about him so much, we also get to see that josie has a lot of fear in her because she is to scared to die and she nee r wants her family to die because she loves them so much. chapter 27 summary Josie goes to watch her cousin robert play at his rugby union game.While at the game josie bumps into john who was also watching the game and asks josie what she was doing at the game, she give tongue to that she bribed her cousin because if she went to his game he had to overhear her to the St. Anthonys graduation. Oh yes, where moreover the privileged can attend. I promised Ivy when we were about twelve I deal. In this chapter we get to see that josie and john get along very well and that they both like each other but they were both to shy to tell each other that they did when they were younger. chapter 26 summaryJosie forgives her nanna for doing what she did over thirty twelvemonths ago. your grand laminitis francesco treated me like one of his farm animals. Josie and her friends were going to go to Annas to do some last minute studying for the HSC but when the bus came Josie sayd to her friends that she would miss out and instead she went to her naans house. When Josie got to her grand stupefys house she gave her the biggest hug she has ever condition and she cried her guts out, when they sat down in the living room Josie asks why?And then her grandmother tells her more of what incured and because of that she starts to resent her nonno a bit because of what he did to nonna katia. In this chapter Josie controls that her grandmother had dreams like her and that she did what she did because she was angry with francesco and only him because he had left her alone for so long. chapter 25 summary Josieand her family celebrate her mothers birthday. Josie lets her mother go to her cousins house and girdle at her grandmothers house and then she blows her top off at her grandma and finds out that marcus sandford is her mothers father and not her nonno.In this chapter we get to see that Josie dislikes her grandmother for doing what she did and she has been telling her that austral ians are bad and she should go out with an italian creation instead. chapter 24 summary Jacob wants to fulfill Josies grandmother. When Josie and Jacob are walking down the stairs she sees her grandmother and Jacob tells Josie that he wants to meet her because he thought it would be nice but Josie repeatedly says no because she has just earned her grandmothers trust over again and she doesnt want to lose that. My grandmother wouldnt on a lower floorstand, jacob. give it time. he was brought up in a different time and place . i know its hard passable for you to understand. Its hard enough for me. In this chapter we get to see that Josie feels kind of ashamed of her grandmother because her grandmother everlastingly to carry on with her family tradition. we also get to see that Josie and Jacob dont al focuss take on the right things to say to each other. chapter 23 summary Josie gets to understand her grandmother more than she has ever in the first place. Josie learns that her grandmother was a very lonely person when she locomote to australia because nonno had to work and he worked on the cain farms when they lived in Queensland. He came to see me though. he said that it would his heart if i would leave. i could see it in his eyes. but if i stayed i knew i would break my heart. In this chapter we get to see Josie and her grandmother really close to each other, we also get to see that Josie is interested in what her grandmothers smell was like when she first moved to Australia. chapter 22 summary Josie and her mum fuck off a splurge day. they decided to go to one of the harbourside restaurants and although the weather was cool, it wasnt mingy enough to ruin the view. hes ultra cool, you know.Not cool as though he drives a sports car and dresses trendy, but hes a cool guy, hes up front. No bull. take things slowly, and they result work out. this chapter reveal that christina was treated very badly by her father when she was pregnant and crimson b efore that, he called her both name under the sun, a tramp, a slut. he even hit me crosswise the face and even hit my mother. chapter 21 summary Josie goes to the movies with keister Barton to see mackintoshbeth. While at the movies they bump into Jacob and he tries to begin a go at John because Josie and Jacob are going out, but in Jacobs eyes that s not what it looks like. Well,, for your information, neglect Intellectual, were studying Macbeth at school and thats what im going to see tonight,so never ever presume what i like and what i dont like. In this chapter we get to see that Jacob gets desirous when Josie goes out with other friends that are boys, we also get to see that they both can get pissed of very easily with each other. if Josie had the option to go out with John and not Jacob she would but the only thing from stopping her is that he isnt that fun as Jacob but he shares so m whatever things incommon with Josie and Jacob doesnt. chapter 20 summaryJosie is put in charge of keeping an eye on he humble students at St Marthas on their annual Walk-a-thon that they have every yr to celebrate St Marthas day. While Josie is supposed to be looking later the slow battalion she instead goes with her friends to see Trey Hancock at the Sebel townsfolk House. The next day sisterLouise calls the girls into her office but dismisses three of them and tells Josie to stay merchant ship. Ivy doesnt have one offs. Shes responsible from the chip she walks into school till the moment she walks out. You were voted school captain but i gave the job to Ivy because shed do a founder job. In this chapter we find out that Josie was supposed to be school captain instead of Ivy, we also learn that Josie loves to do what her friends do and that she and her friends are trend setters for all the little plenty of St Marthas. chapter 19 summary Tomato mean solar day Josie and her family have a tradition that they have to declare their own pasta and sauce to go w ith it, this is when the whole tomato thing comes into place every year on a specific day all the family comes together and they pick tomatoes for the sauce, they squash them by hand and then cook them and then squash them again and then cook them one last time.Robert and I call this day Wog day or National Wog day. Nonna and Zia started to tell the story about Marcus Sandford and how he helped them with the garden plot of ground the men where at camp. I thought that maybe by spoke to someone they would feel sorry for us and send us venture one man. Maybe all our husbands. This chapter reveals that Josie and her family get on very well when they arent fighting and telling others what to do and how to do it, we also get to see that Josies family loves to carry out tradition. chapter 18 summaryJacob surprises Josie by getting a car so they can go places instead of having to thrust on his motorbike. Tons of things , I said excited. We could form a company. Id be the theory part of t he business and youd be the practical. This chapter reveals that Josie believes that she can have a wonderful life with Jacob but at the same time she doesnt as well because she doesnt believe that she has chosen the right man for her. chapter 17 summary Josie gets to know her father more than ever over the holiday that they had together in Adelaide. You sound like Mama, I said, rest up through the sunroof.Josie enjoys the time that she spends with her father in Adelaide and get together the rest of her family for the first time in seventeen years. This chapter reveals that Josie likes macrocosm with her father because she feels like she has know him for her whole entire life. When Josie gets buns she sees Jacob on Saturday night and he tells her never to leave him again. chapter 16 summary Josie wags school on friday to go on a date with Jacob Coote. He leaned over and kissed me quickly. what was that for? i asked, embarrassed, but laughing. I like the way you talk, I like th e way you think. So much passion behind those bifocalled eyes.So much to say. This chapter reveals that Josie is really opening up to Jacob and letting him into her life, and the same thing goes for Jacob he is letting Josie into his life and telling each other what they have done and what their families are like. chapter 15 summary Josie goes out with the girls to darling harbour after school, at the cafe they see Jacob, Anton and four of their friends cramp themselves in to the kiosk behind them much to the dismay of Anna and Josie. Listen, well start over again, Okay, I looked into his clear green eyes which always seemed so warm and sincere no takings how bad he looked at times.Eyes, my mother told me, never lie. This chapter reveals that Josie starts to like Jacob again even though he treated her like he did on their date to the movies. when Josie gives Jacob a second chance he asks her to wag school with him so they could go out on a proper date. chapter 14 summary Josie mee ts up with John barton again and give each other their pieces of paper with their emotions written on it. John dialogue to Josie about the fact that his father hates him at the moment just because he didnt win the maths competition. My father was theater when i got there this afternoon . Went through my mail. He owns m y life so of course he is entitled to open my mail, he spat out bitterly. after John finishes telling Josie about what his father think s about him at the moment they decide to talk about the HSC and that they have to write what they are sapidity at the moment and then they have to give it to someone else and then after the HSC the person that they gave the note has to ask them how they are feeling and read out what they felt before the test.In this chapter we are shown Josies feelings for John Barton again, we are also shown that Josie cares about what John does with his life and tries to help him with his problems. chapter 13 summary Josie goes out on a date with Jacob Coote but ends up spending the night with her father Michael Andretti. Just because you had to meet my mother, you went and acted like a prick. Why? Okay, this is my proposition. How about you come work for me at the chamber? You can do photocopying and help the secretaries, he suggested.Josie starts to dislike Jacob Coote because he was being a snob to her and her mother when he came to pick her up so they could go to the movies, when they got to the movies they started to have a fight and then Josie ran off and hid in one of the arcades and when she thought the cost was clear she ran out of the movies and started to walk home when she was being followed by a car, when it pulled up next to her she shouted at the driver saying that her father was a police officer and the person driving said actually hes a Barrister, Josie jumps in the car and has dinner with Michael Andretti at a pizza place on Glebe point road.In this chapter we get to see a father, lady friend descent bui ld and start to get strong we also get to see Josies true feelings towards her father, she feels that she wants to know him more but at the same time she doesnt want to because what he did to her mother over seventeen years ago. chapter 12 summary Josie asks her grandmother to show her the photos of when she was young and her past. I regretted it when i saw the look of glee on her face. Because the way Nonna wee-wees my mother feel , I hate making that women happy. Even hough Josie doesnt like to make her grandmother happy she still tried to pay attention when she was telling her stories behind all the photos, Josie screeched when her grandmother told her that her first Australian friend was a hunk, but when her grandfather had found out that her grandmother had an aussie over about every day he got jealous and said she was never to see him again. In this chapter we get to see that Josie tries to be nicer to her grandmother. chapter 11 summary Josie talks to her mum again and asks if she can go to the movies on saturday. Is that what all this buttering up has been all about after telling her mother that she wants to go to the movies with Jacob Coote, her mother says that she will think about it. this chapter reveals that Josie has strong feelings for Jacob Coote more than ever because not only did he protect her after she as hurt by Greg Sims and she liked that he was being a protective person. chapter 10 summary Josie gets raped by Greg Sims and his posy. He grabbed me by the front of the uniform and slobbered all over my mouth and i could hear Anna scream and pull me away while the bile rose in my throat.Jacob Coote comes to comes to Josies aid while she is being forced upon by Greg Sims. In this chapter we are shown that not only can Josie be mean and uncivilized to other people, Jacob Coote can also be just as mean and cruel to people. When Jacob drops Josie off she tells him that if he wants to go out with her that he has to meet her mother, Jacob pu ts up a fight but in the end he gives in and asks her out to the movies on saturday night. chapter 9 summary Josie fights with her mum. I dont like the fact that youre going out with him again. Josie doesnt like it when her mother leaves her at home alone just so she can go out with a guy, Josie doesnt want her mum to get married because she just wants it too be the two of them until they die. The chapter reveals that Josie loves her mother but she also doesnt want to hurt her by doing the wrong things. Josie has her moments with her mother every now and then, but they usually end up hugging each other or if it doesnt go well they dont talk to each other for a while. chapter 7 summary Josie goes to her grandmothers house because her mum is going out for the night. Oh God, Ma, I have to sleep in the same bed as her. She doesnt clip her legs. Josie learns a lot about her grandmother that night that she sleeps over, she told Josie that she used to look exactly like her when she was h er age, she also told Josie that she was forced to move to Australia with her husband and that meant that she would probably never see her family again. This chapter reveals that Josie starts to cave in a stronger relationship with her. chapter 8 summary Josie brakes a girls nose. we are introduced to one of the beautiful girls Carly Bishop they were all wogs. hey seem to be ever where, she snickered. Im just the same as them and Id appreciate you not going on about wogs every day. It offends me In this chapter we get to see a father daughter relationship develop between Josie and Michael Andretti. the chapter reveals that Josie does have feelings for Michael Andretti even though she told him to stay away from he he still came to the rescue when she called. chapter 6 summary Josie meets her father for the second time. I dont want her, he said flatly. oth Josie and Christina had a fight with Michael Andretti, first it was Christina who told Michael that they didnt want anything to d o with him, then later on in the day Josie followed him into the lounge room and watched him look at all the photos that her grandmother had all around the place, Josie told him that if he ever hurt her mum that he would be in a lot of trouble. This chapter reveals that Josie feels anger and hatred towards Michael Andretti because he left her mum when she was young and didnt try to contact her since then. chapter 5 summary Josie goes to the regional dance.Jacob Coote gives Josie a ride home on his motor cycle even though Josie knows that if her mum found out that she did she was going to be dead or one of the people in another car saw her and recognized her they would tell her grandmother and she would tell her mother. My mother will murder me. shell find out alright. this chapter reveals that Josie starts to develop a strong relationship with Jacob Coote. do you know that Ive been in this country my whole life and Ive never spoken to an aboriginal. chapter 4 summary Josie work wit h poisonous substance Ivy at the debating night.We are introduced to John Barton. To walk into the regional dance with John Barton would make me the envy of every snob at St Marthas. This chapter reveals that Josie shows her feeling for just more than one particular boy. she likes to flirt a lot with boys that she hasnt seen for ages or just met. chapter 3 summary Josie hates to go to her grandmas house because its her family ritual only because her mum makes her. We are introduced to Josies father Michael. Michael my heart began to pound at one hundred miles per hour and I could feel the hairs at the back of my head rest up on end.This chapter reveals that Josie feels hate towards her grandmother because she sayed that the daughters behaviour always reflects on how good the mother is. chapter 2 summary Josie speaks about AIDS at the Have A Say Day. Josephine has friends such as Sera, Lee and Anna, who influence her life greatly. We are introduced to Jacob Coote at the Have A Say Day . If your an outcast with your own kind, youll never be digested by anyone. No matter how much I hate Poison Ivy, I want to be in her earth. This chapter shows more about Josies relationship with her friends and how she deals with her family life.For days I just couldnt help thinking about my father. I felt sick at the idea of meeting him, though at the same time I desperately wanted to. chapter 1 summary The reader is introduced to the main character and narrator of the story, Josephine Alibrandi. as a reader we find out that Josie goes to St Marthas high school. The narrator is a typical teenager who worries about issues such as peer pressure and relationships with others and teachers. My biggest problem though, is being at a school dominated by rich people ho i cant see having a problem in the world This chapter shows how Josie feels unsteady because she is an outsider. My Mother was innate(p) here so as far as the Italians were concerned we werent completely one of them. Yet because my grandparents were born in Italy we werent completely Australian. undivided Book Summary Looking for Alibrandi is a story about a young girl, ripening up in Sydney in the nineties. The only side of life to create any hassle is that she is Italian, with an Italian mother, grandmother and father, somewhere, growing up in an Australian world.Throughout the book, she spends her entire year twelve either at her home or at her grandmothers, school or suburban areas, learning about herself and making friends. The main character, Josephine Alibrandi, or Josie, is a feisty and head-strong seventeen year old. She received an English scholarship at the pedigree of highschool to go to a strict, Catholic college, St. Marthas. She is very intelligent academically and can achieve splendid grades when she applies herself. She is also the vice-captain at St. Marthas to Ivy, an Australian favourite of all, whom she calls Poison Ivy.Most of her friends from primary school didnt end u p there, so she has made new friends, although most of the school is from the rich, Australian side of Sydney. She has only just introduced boys as a major part of her life, mostly involving Jacob Coote from the state school and forming a friendship with John Barton, from the Catholic boys school. Josephine was born illegitimately to a seventeen year old Christina Alibrandi. The father, a boy of the same age named Michael Andretti, had to move away to Adelaide with his family before she was born. There was a part of him that knew Christina had gone through with the pregnancy, in time he as scared and not prepared for a child. Michael had to come back to Sydney when Josephine was seventeen for his work as a barrister and bumped into Christina at a wedding. Michael Andretti is stern and serious. Even Josephine notes him as a worrier. They have separate lives, he has a good job and a girlfriend. By the end of the story, they have grown close and he had gotten her out of trouble many t imes, like when she smashed Carly Bishop in the nose with a textbook and when she was wondering the streets alone after she stormed out of her date with Jacob Coote.He begins his life with her by saying that he doesnt need any complications and that it is all going perfectly without an obnoxious creation. Eventually they get to know each other and Josey works at his law chamber and begins to turn changing her last name to Andretti. Christina Alibrandi, Josies mum, is supportive of her daughter and has raised her on her own for her whole life, with the occasional help of her mother. Jacob Coote said You Josephine come across all rugged and fearless while on the inside youre a softy. She Christina comes a across a softy, whereas deep down shes tough and fearless. Christina can be strong and honest when she needs to be and will do what she thinks is right, like suggesting to her daughter, the first time she met Jacob Coote and he was acting like a pig, that she didnt think it would b e good to let her go out with him again. She also is known to compromise, in letting Josie go out with him after she saw hed smartened up a bit. She is like Josie, a dreamer. She says herself, I wasnt a rebel Italian when I had you, I was a impartial Italian. Shed give her very life for her daughter and she loves her mother very much, in spite of not admitting to it.Katia Alibrandi, known as Nonna to Josie, is the mother of Christina. She felt things too, just as her daughter and grand-daughter she describes herself as a youth to have been a gypsie. When she was younger and came to Australia with her husband, she was alone in the outback with little knowledge of the language. She had the help of an Australian man, Marcus Sandford, who loved her dearly and would do things for her, sightedness as her husband would be away on work. She did not pursue a relationship with him people were public lecture as it was. People will talk is the quote that she practically lives by.The Italia n community are known to talk. He came into her house one day and Christina was born nine months later. Marcus was going to take her away where nobody knew them, however, seeing as shed defied her marriage so much, she at least had to stay with her husband. Her husband had be to her all of these years, he could not have kids, however they stayed together. Nobody knew about Christinas illegitimacy, Katia distanced herself from her because of it, until Josephine figured it out after finally taking interest in her grandmother, and she never told anybody.Katia and Josie develop a good relationship, even though Christina must never know. Katia was strong and has memories, even though she is old-fashioned, just like how she would never habituate herself to Josies Australian boyfriend, who she has no knowledge of. Jacob Coote is the captain of Cook State Highschool. He is deep and meaningful when he wants to be in the words of Josie. He is with the in crowd at Cook High. He has his pick of the girls and is popular and athletic. Jacob bullied Josephine when she was younger, not her specifically, however that was how life worked.He then falls for her and defends her, he beats Greg Sims when he tries to rape her and his friends, her friend, in the McDonalds car park where she worked before the law chamber. They go through their fights, however they have high prospects in their relationship by the end of the book. Jacobs mum died when he was young. It did hurt him, however he tries to move on from it. He does think about it, sometimes, however he is agreeable in his life otherwise. He now lives with his dad, who drinks a bit, and has an older sister of about 24 years of age with her own family now.Of course he naturally has prejudices against John Barton. John Barton grows up in a prissy world and has all of the doors open to him. He does enjoy it sometimes, however it isnt really what he wants to do with his life. He is expected to do well while Jacob and Josie aren t expected to get far, and hes prefer that. Ivy Lloyd, or Poison Ivy, decides that she owns him. John does quite like Josephine though. He tries to be diplomatic with things, although he does not want to enter politics as everyone expects him to.By the end of the book, he commits suicide with a drug overdose right before his year twelve exams. That ruined the story for me, made me cry. Ivy and Josie begin to accept each other, however they are hurt as he was a true friend to them both. I can almost relate to John Barton, not the suicide, however in means of having pressure on him and having to meet expectations. I can understand that, because it is so real. All of these characters are real and this story is only too possible. The Italian Empire, where people will talk is real. It is very humorous actually, because it relates so much to my own life.Illegitimacy being the end of the world, and how gossip can start in one place and everybody know. I understand the gender stereotypes an d the important role of religion, in when Katia cannot leave her husband. It is fairly old-fashioned and stubborn, the things that Josie is restricted from doing, however that seriously is life, no query about that. Youd have to be there to know it, and Im there. Im a lot like Josephine. I can see how things arent fair, however I am able to accept them because decisions are made for me for my own good. Josephine says, No way, Mama. If you say no Ill accept it. I also do think, like Josephine does, that the entire world is crumbling around me and I can be a little inconsiderate at times, accidently of course. Im learning about myself and growing up, just as she is. Only Im not in year twelve yet, and Im not in a leadership role, as much as I like to be a leader. The story is basically about growing up, which can be a challenge in itself, however the main complication is that she is Italian in an Australian world as previously outlined. It creates expectations and a way of life that may have been ethical in Italy, however not so in Australia.Also, the Italians here havent modernised with the Italians back there. Things that seem ordinary here just wont flow with the Italian community, things like widows and women with children marrying, and two unmarried people living together, problems that both Katia and Christina face, and that Josephine will too unless she can run from it as she says she will, Ill run one day. Run for my life. Ill run to be free and think for myself. There isnt really a resolution, except that Josie learns to accept who she is.She may still want to run, however, for the time being, she is happy with it. She even says that it will be a part of her forever, her nationality, and even if she dislikes it sometimes it will always make her who she is You cant hate what youre a part of. What you are. I resent it most of the time, curse it always, but it will be a part of me till the day I die. Josie grows up, that is how it all works out. She lea rns more about the world around her, like the hardships that both her mother and her grandmother went through, and she becomes more aware of the world around her.A major turning point is after the death of John, she suddenly realises that her life will always be what it is, and her deciding to get along with Ivy is another way of saying that she has gotten more mature, and that she understands. In the story, the way things progress, how relationships develop, and the steps that Josephine takes to grow up, all happen through the things that she encounters. She begins her journey at a public event where every school has to make a speech. Josephine represents her school, as Ivy is too busy talking to the Premier of the entire state.There she meets Jacob Coote and doesnt really know what to think about him, however he is impressed by his speech on the vote. However, she hardly considers herself interested, patronage everyone, including herself, finding him attractive. We then meet her g randmother and get a glimpse of her family life. She sees her father for the first time when he shows up at her grandmothers house, however they do not converse, as Nonna does not know who he is, and hes only an old neighbour so far. There is inter-school debating and Josie talks to John Barton. He is friendly and Josie gets along with him well.They decide they will see a movie together for school. He would have been her ideal boyfriend. Ivy comes and steals him away, despite the fact that he is reluctant to go with her. He doesnt get a chance to be with her at the school dance a while afterwards, being caught up with Ivy, seeing as he is in that crowd with her. Josie dances with Jacob Coote, who gives her a lift home on his motorbike, as much as shed rather not ride on it. She finds out that his mother died when he was younger. He tries to kiss her, however she refuses, they agree that they are from two different worlds and he leaves on good terms with her.Next is Josies second enc ounter with Michael Andretti at her grandmothers house. She speaks to him after her mother. Everyone is very clear that they want nothing to do with him. It is then that her grandmother realises who is and his relation to the family, at that, she decides she would not want to see him again, however she doesnt cause a fuss. Josie stays with her mother overnight and learns more about her. She begins to take an interest after realising that her grandmother was a seventeen year old once too.She arrives at school and attends class where she overhears Carly Bishop bagging people of European descent, calling them wogs as an insult. Josephine had taken it for years and finally had gotten sick of it. They argued and then Josie hit her with her Concepts of Science textbook. She calls Michael Andretti, as he is a barrister to help her, seeing as shed probably have been expelled and sued. He comes to her rescue, even though theyd agreed to never speak to each other again. On Friday, Josie speak s to Sister Louise, the headmaster of her school, as scheduled.She realises that she does care and notices that shes human, despite being a nun. Her mum goes out on a date for the first time. Josie and her grandmother are furious, however her mum has a good time and Josie accepts that. Whilst working at McDonalds with her friend, Anna, Greg Sims, a boy who teased her as a child, enters with her friends. He would have been rude to her, however police came in to buy something so he leaves her be. They wait for her and Anna in the car park they are ready to rape them both. Jacob Coote is just passing by with his friend, Anton, and he sees what is appening. He beats the living daylights out of Greg Sims. Anton takes Anna home, and they are quite fond of each other. Jacob takes Josie home. He asks her out, she considers it and decides to ask her mother. He agrees to meet her, only hed never do that any other time and dislikes the idea. She talks to her mother who agrees to let her go out with him. Curiosity gets the better of Josephine as she asks her grandmother to see photos and to tell her about her life. She finds out about how she met Marcus Sandford in a post office and he would help her, seeing as she was alone in the country.When her husband found out, he was furious and didnt want to let her see him anymore. On Saturday, she goes on her date with Jacob. He is a pig to her mother in spite of the fact that he has to meet her. The date lasts ten minutes and she storms out of the cinema complex before even entering the movie. On the long walk home, her father is driving past and picks her up to go and get pizza. He tells her that ignoring her existence wont make her go away and they begin to develop an understanding relationship. Her mother is not angry, only she isnt too keen on Jacob Coote.Josie is enjoying her job at Mac Michael and Sons law chamber. Her joy is shattered when she has coffee with John Barton ant they talk about life. He worries, her, saying things like, I dont think I want to live this life anymore, Josie. She is extremely worried and they decide to write on a piece of paper the way they feel and keep each others so that they can read them after graduation. It gives him a little hope, however she is still extremely concerned. Josephine talks with her friends and tells them that shed like to be a barrister when she grows up.Jacob Coote asks her out on another date. They decide they will wag school for it, not that shed have ever dreamed of doing so in a million years. There wont be any mother-meeting this time. They have a wonderful time and share in their first fervent kiss. On the mid-term holidays, Jacob gets a car. Her mum is supportive of them being together. There is the St. Marthas Walk-a-thon. Josie leaves with her friends and is in major trouble with Sister Louise because it meant that the little kids were unsupervised. She goes to see that movie with John and Jacob sees them there.They argue but they get ove r it. A couple of weeks later she is at his house for the first time. He would have liked to have charge with her, and she refuses it. After some conversation he accepts it. She finds out about Marcus Sandford being her real grandfather and promises not to tell if her grandmother accepts Michael Andretti. She talks to John Barton and he is cheery and happy and the day later at her year twelve exams she finds Ivy crying that he had killed himself. It is sad. She reads the note he wrote earlier that year and realises that it was what he wanted to do.She attends the funeral. Jacob was also torn up he was taking it harder than Josephine. He felt had something in common with John, somewhere, and hed experienced death before and this probably reminded him of his mum. Only now I realise that he was happy because he knew he would do it. He even said only the day beforehand, Ive got my whole future planned out the way I want it to be and there is nothing anyone can do to take that away from me. It is sad, but also a good thing in a sense. It is what he wanted. I think Josephine learns to accept it a little at the end.At the beginning of this book review, I though the ending was ridiculous and too sad. Now I understand more that it was really what John Barton wanted to do, kill himself. He was really looking forward to being able to run free, just like Josephine always said shed wanted to do, even if that meant death for him. I like the ending, now I do. I now like that there was a challenge in figuring that out. Besides that, I liked that Jacob and Josephine ended up having a caring relationship and that they became incredibly happy. I like happily ever afters.Throughout the book, I enjoyed that they were always able to become friends again after a fight. It made the book a lot more exciting. I also enjoyed how the book exhibits how relationships developed throughout the novel. It was interesting to read about the way emotions develop between characters, specifically Josephine and her father. It was thrilling to read how they learn things about each other and accept each other in their lives, and the way that the Alibrandis become comfortable with him. It is also good to see how Josie takes interest in her grandmother and she can confide in her.Id change the time she spends with her friends. Id like them to have played a more prominent role, or not be included in the story, as they add little to the plot. It wouldve made me happy if she did not skip school. It just ruined a little of the part of her that I though resembled myself. I thought Id have liked to change that John died. I now would not change that, it adds an important lesson for Josephine to learn on her journey of growing up. Death is something she had to learn to accept. However it could be in the blurb, it would ruin the story a little, although a warning would be nice for the light-hearted.Id have liked if Melina Marchetta would elaborate more and explain how he saw his death was running free. I wouldnt have understood if I hadnt written this essay. I learnt more about death from translation this. That pretty much sums it up. I never saw suicide as a relief or an escape, although it apparently can be. I picked up on a few facts that Id have found in a history book, they were another factor that unplowed me engrossed in reading. This would be a good book for somebody of European descent. It made it highly enjoyable for me as so much is only too true.It could possibly be aimed at someone a little older than myself, somebody who certainly has the insight to deal with suicide and not let it get to them. It has to be taken maturely, so possibly it would be a good story for the sixteen-and-up age group, however it does matter on the individual. Looking for Alibrandi by Melina Marchetta is an extremely wonderful book, definitely worth reading and re-reading. It gave me a lot, and I can understand why people made such propaganda about reading it. I rate it I

The Hunters: Phantom Chapter 30

Stefan drove like a maniac al the way backwardswards to the boardinghouse. I cant entrust I forgot to tel him that his name had been cal ed, he said for what felt like the hundredth time. I cant believe we left him al adept.Slow down, Meredith told him, stressful to hold Matts sleeping dust steady in the backseat as Stefan whipped around a corner, tires squealing. Youre going way too fast.Were in a hurry, Stefan growled, yanking on the wheel to make a heavy correct. Alaric turned around in the passenger seat and gave Meredith a panicky look as Stefan narrowly missed a garbage truck. She sighed. She knew he was trying to make up for his mistake, for non tel ing them immediately that Matts name had appeared in the herb shop, scarcely kil ing them al in a race to regain home wasnt on the button the solution. Besides, although they probably would have d sen sit downion things differently if theyd known, it might not have changed the outcome for Matt. It wasnt as if their precau tions had saved either Bonnie or Elena.At least youve got vampire reflexes, she said, more to reassure Alaric than out of all particular confidence in Stefans driving abilities.Shed insisted on being the one sitting in the back with Matt, and now she turned her attention to him. She put a restraining hand on his chest so he wouldnt go tumbling to the floor as the ma raisee jerked and swerved.He was so stil . None of the twitching and eye movements that usual y went with sleep, just the steady shal ow rise and fal of his breathing. He wasnt notwithstanding snoring. And she knew from camping trips as faraway back as sixth grade that Matt snored like a buzz saw. Always. Meredith never cried. Not even when the worst happened. And she wasnt going to start now, not when her friends needed her equanimity and focused to try to figure out how to save them. But if she had been the kind of girl who cried, instead of the kind of girl who strategized, she would have been sobbing. And even no w, the breath caught in her throat a little painful y, until she naturalizeed herself into impassive calm once again.She was the only one left. Of the four old friends whod gone through school and summers and adolescence and al the horrors the supernatural world could throw at them, she was the only one the wraith hadnt captured. Yet. Meredith clenched her teeth and held Matt steady. Stefan pul ed up and parked in front of theboardinghouse, having somehow avoided causing any damage to other cars or pedestrians along the way. Alaric and Meredith started to inch Matt careful y out of the car, looping his harness around their necks and slowly shifting him forward into a half-standing position. But Stefan simply grabbed Matt away from them and threw him over his shoulder.Lets go, he said, and stalked off toward the boardinghouse, easily equilibrate Matts unconscious body with one hand, not looking back.Hes become kind of a strange guy, Alaric commented, watching Stefan alertly. The sunshine caught the stubble on Alarics unshaven chin and it glinted with a touch of gold. He turned toward Meredith and gave her a rueful, disarming grin. one time more into the breach he said. Meredith took his hand, warm and solid in her own.Come on, she said.Once they were in the boardinghouse, Stefan clomped straight upstairs to deposit Matt with the other bodies the other sleepers, Meredith reminded herself fiercely. Meredith and Alaric, hand in hand, turned toward the kitchen. As she pushed the door open, Meredith heard Mrs. Flowerss component part.Very reusable indeed, my dear, she was saying, a warm note of approval in her voice. Youve done very wel . Im so grateful.Meredith gaped. At the kitchen table with Mrs. Flowers, cool and calm and pretty in a blue linen dress, sat Dr. Celia Conner, sipping tea.Hel o, Alaric. Hel o, Meredith, said Celia. Her dark eyeball bored cool y into Merediths. Youl never believe what Ive found.What? said Alaric eagerly, letting go of Mered iths hand. Her union sank.Celia reached into a tote bag sitting by her chair and pul ed out a thick book bound in ragged chocolate-brown leather. She smiled triumphantly and announced, Its a book on phantoms. Dr. Beltram ended up sending me to Dalcrest Col ege, which actual y has a very comprehensive col ection of texts on the paranormal.I suggest we adjourn to the den, Mrs. Flowers said,where we can be more comfortable, and examine its contents together.They moved to the den, but Stefan, when he joined them, did not seem any more comfortable.Different types of phantoms, he said, taking the book from Celia and flipping rapidly through the pages. The history of phantoms in our dimension. Where is the banishment ritual? Why doesnt this thing have an index finger?Celia shrugged. Its very old and rare, she said. It was difficult to find, and its the only book on the subject were likely to be able to get our hands on, maybe the only one that exists, so wel have to excuse things like t hat. These older texts, the authors cherished you to read straight through and genuinely y learn about their subject, to understand what they wanted to tel you, not just to find the page you needed right away. You might try looking near the end, though.Alaric was watching Stefan whip through the pages with an expression of pain. Its a rare book, Stefan, he said.Please be more careful with it. Would you like me to look?Im used to finding what I need in these kinds of books.Stefan snarled, literal y snarled at him, and Meredith felt the hairs along the back of her neck rise. Il do it myself, teacher. Im in a hurry.He squinted down at the text. Why does it have to be in such ornate print? he complained. Dont tel me its because its old. Im older than it is, and I can barely read it. Huh. Phantoms who are feeding like vampires on one choice sensibility, whether it be guilt, or despair, or grudge or lust for victuals, the demon rum, or fal en women. The stronger be the sensibility, the worse be the outcome of the phantom created. I think we could have figured that out ourselves.Mrs. Flowers was standing slightly removed from the rest of the group, eyes fixed on empty air, muttering seemingly to herself as she communed with her mother.I know, she said. Il tel them. Her eyes focused on the others as they stood around Stefan, peering over his shoulders. Mama says that time is getting short, she warned.Stefan leaped to his feet and exploded. I know its getting short, he roared, getting right up into Mrs. Flowerss surprised attend. Cant your mother tel us something useful for once?Mrs. Flowers staggered away from him, reaching out to steady herself on the back of a chair. Her face was white, and suddenly she looked older and more frail than ever before.Stefans eyes widened, their color darkening to a stormy sea green, and he held out his hands, his face horrified.Im sorry, he said. Mrs. Flowers, Im sorry. I didnt mean to frighten you. I dont know what came over me Im just so unbalanced about Elena and the others.I know, Stefan, Mrs. Flowers said gravely. She had regained her balance and she looked stronger, calm and wise again. We will get them back, you know. You must have faith. Mama does.Stefan sat down, turning back to the book, his lips pressed together into a straight line.Her skin prick with apprehension, Meredith gripped her stave more tightly as she watched him. When she had revealed to the others that the members of her family were hereditary vampire hunters and that it was now her turn to take on the duty, she had told Elena and Stefan that she would never turn on Stefan, that she understood that he wasnt like other, evil vampires, that he was good harmless and benign to humans.She had made no such promises about Damon, and Elena and Stefan hadnt asked her to. They al shared an unspoken understanding that Damon couldnt real y be characterized as harmless, not even when he begrudgingly worked with them, and that Meredith would need to keep her options open when it came to him.But Stefan she had never thought this would happen, but now Meredith was worried that someday she might not be able to keep her promises about Stefan. She had never seen him acting the way he had been lately irrational, angry, violent, unpredictable. She knew his behavior was probably caused by the phantom, but was Stefan becoming too dangerous? Could she kil him if she had to? He was her friend.Merediths heart was racing. She realized that her knuckles had whitened against her fighting stave, and her hand ached. Yes, she realized, she would fight Stefan and try to kil him, if she had to. It was true that he was her friend, but her duty had to come first.She took a deep breath and consciously relaxed her hands. Stay calm, she coached herself. Breathe. Stefan was keeping himself more or less under control. It wasnt a closing she had to make. Not yet, anyway.A few minutes later, Stefan stopped flipping pages. Here,he said. I think this is it. He handed the book to Mrs. Flowers. She scanned the page quickly and nodded. That feels like the right ritual, she said seriously. I ought to have everything we need to perform it right here in the house.Alaric reached for the book. He read the spel , too, frowning. Does it have to be a blood spel ? he asked Mrs. Flowers. If it backfires, the phantom might be able to turn it against us.Im afraid its going to have to be a blood spel , Mrs. Flowers replied. Wed need more time to prove to change the spel , and time is the one thing we dont have. If the phantom is able to use its captives the way we think it can, its only going to get more powerful.Alaric began to speak again but was interrupted.Wait, said Celia, a slightly shril note in her usual y husky voice. A blood spel ? What does that mean? I dont want to get involved in anything she searched for a word unsavory.She reached for the book, but Stefan slammed his hand down on it. Unsavory or not, this is what were doing, he said quietly, but with a voice as hard as steel. And youre a part of it. Its too late for you to back out now. I wont let you.Celia gave a convulsive shudder and cringed back in her chair. Dont you dare threaten me, she said, her voice quavering.Everybody calm down, Meredith said sharply. Celia, no one is going to make you do anything unless you agree to it. Il protect you myself if need be. Her eyes flew quickly to Alaric, who was glancing back and forth between them, looking worried. But we need your help. Please. You may have saved us al by finding the spel , and were grateful, but Stefans right youre part of this, too. I dont know if itl work without you. She hesitated a beat. Or, if it does, it might leave you as the phantoms only target, she added cunningly.Celia shivered again and wrapped her arms around herself. Im not a coward, she said miserably. Im a scientist, and this irrational mysticism worries me. But Im in. Il help any way I can.Meredith, for the first time, felt a flash of kind-heartedness for her. She understood how hard it must be for Celia to continue to think of herself as a logical person while the boundaries of what shed always accepted as creation col apsed around her.Thank you, Celia. Meredith glanced around the room at the others. Weve got the ritual. Weve got the ingredients. We just need to gather everything together and start casting the spel . Are we ready?Everyone sat up straighter, their faces taking on expressions of stern resolve. As scary as this was, it was good to final y have a purpose and a plan.Stefan take a breath deeply and visibly took hold of himself, his shoulders relaxing and his stance settling into something less predatory. Okay, Meredith, he said. His stormy green eyes met her cool gray ones, in accurate accord. Lets do this.

Mkt Plan-Popcorn Store in Hk

1. 0 Executive Summary We be preparing to open a popcorn specialty betray in Hong Kong, the drink down Popcorn Shop. Hong Kong is a far-famed international touristry city and it successfully veritable more than 42 million tourists in the past year. Hong Kong has its unique culture and the Hong Kong remove culture is one of the closely-nigh remarkable one. on that pointfore, our Pop Popcorn Shop volition nigh integrated with the Hong Kong film culture, and create a fountainhead-kn testify topical anesthetic blade image, which atomic number 50 attractive to local anesthetic residents who standardised to eat popcorn or like to see movies, and the tourists who interest in the Hong Kong culture or movies.We tidy sum effectively compete with other popcorn retentivity because we offer a high quality, assorted tasty looking ats, as well as healthy popcorn with value price to consumers. More importantly, we provide customize help, which customers sight ease up their ow n flavor popcorn and even the packages gibe to their preference. The particular customize service as well as the film culture betray image is our two brightest spots, which can make us distinguish with other competitors and become our distinct competencies.The marketing objective in the freshman year is to build up our differentiate consciousness through our various marketing communication methods and we volition continue to focus on increasing our instigator equity in the next two geezerhood. The indigenous financial objectives argon to achieve first-year gross sales revenue of HKD1,580,000 (USD 203,820) and reach profitability. The revenue exit be expected to cast up by 12% in the second year and 15% in the third year. 2. 0 Service Description Popcorn is a favourite morsel foodat clear events and in movies, where it has been served since 1914.Hong Kong, a dynamic Asian metropolis that attracts numerous tourists and businessmen, global or Asian, every year, has bee n deeply influenced by the western movie culture and step by step let oned it very own local movie culture, which is a robust branch of Hong Kong local culture, directing Hong Kong to be such a huge market for film application. Benefiting from this significantly growing movie market and the saying that popcorn is always the best company in theaters, Hong Kong would be our ideal place that gives us incentive to locate our Pop Popcorn Shop in this prosperous city.Specific solelyy, our popcorn shop go forth be opened at Langham Place, one of the intimately popular shop meat located in the very emotional state of Hong Kong, which has a magical gravitation that attracts numerous local residents and tourists. Moreover, with its world-class equipment, fascinating settings, and consensus images of fashion, the UA cinema at the 8th floor in Langham Place is the nearly the most popular movie theater that has not merely the highest attendance rate solely besides the best box use in Hong Kong.Thus, the needs from the people who ar going to a movie in UA cinema would be so huge that can be a large pit market, waiting our popcorn specialty retentivity to satisfy. In addition, our specialty store, Pop Popcorn, not only aims to offer high-quality, various tasty flavors, as well as healthy popcorn with value price to consumers, but also provides customized service that customers can make their own flavors popcorn and even design their own popcorn packages, as well as customize their distinctive popcorn tins.Moreover, nine regular flavors popcorn leave behind be provided in Pop Popcorn sugar, buttery, caramel, cheese, chocolate, barbecue, rainbow, spicy, and mustard which is a wide range from classic flavor to popular special flavors. Additionally, two distinguishable packages, bags or tins, with five different sizes small, medium, large, 1 gallon, or 2 gallon would be offered to our customers to select. Essentially, the most distinctive feature of Pop Popc orn will be the combination of popcorn and Hong Kong local movie culture.In our shop, everything is about film. From the in-store decoration, display of popcorn, our staff apostrophizeume, to the packing of our popcorn are all designed based on the characteristics of Hong Kong local movies. Above all, customers can also design the packing of their popcorn with one of their favorite movies, which can be a wonderful souvenir from themselves, as well as a distinctive gift for their friends. 3. 0 SWOT Analysis 3. 1 Strengths 1. Exclusive post Langham Place is one of the most famous shopping mall located in the very heart of Hong Kong.It has attracted numerous local residents and tourists. Specifically, the UA cinema at the 8th floor in Langham Place is the one of the most popular movie theater that has not only the highest attendance rate but also the best box office in Hong Kong. 5 This undivided location will provide an intense collection with our propose customers. 2. Distinctiv e decorations and packaging design of our shop In Pop Popcorn Shop, everything is relative to films. The film elements in our store will generate one the most significant points-of-difference compare to other popcorn stores. 3.Various tasty and even customized flavors of popcorn Pop popcorn store will regularly provide nine flavors of popcorn to the customers. More important, we will be the first popcorn shop to provide customized flavors service. 3. 2 Weaknesses 1. fault awareness As a new popcorn shop, we would not seduce much sword awareness and brand equity at the very beginning. 2. guest accession Regarding to those customers who are going to a movie, our shop location will not be the most convenient place for them to buy popcorn compared to the chomp store located inner(a) the theater.Its one of the disadvantages when we compete with the collation stores inside the theaters. 3. 3 Opportunities 1. Film culture is one of the most prominent characteristics of Hong Kong culture. There is a large amount of movie fans in Hong Kong. 2. Popcorn is known as the best partner for movies, the constantly flourishing of film industry in Hong Kong will lead to an explosion of needs of popcorn. 3. Hong Kong is an international prosperous city, many local residents has a relatively high disposable income. . The continue growth of tourists in Hong Kong, particularly the tourists from Mainland China, as well as the their strong consumption power. 3. 4 Threats Competition is a dynamic process that our competitors would also switch their strategies that may lead to some turnover marketing circumstances. Based on the analysis of our stern market, there may be three potential situations, which can be threats to our popcorn shop. 1. Other brand-famous popcorn stores may expand their locations.Since one of our essential strengths is our location in Langham Place, if other brand-famous popcorn shops also have inclination about expanding to the location near our shop, it would be a threat for us. 2. With the growing popularity of popcorn, the collation stores locate inside the theaters may provide more flavors popcorn to the customers. 3. There is other more tasty and healthier alternative snacks for customers when they have a movie. 4. 0 Target Markets Generally speaking, the people who like to eat popcorn will be our target customers.Specifically, based on geographic segmentation, local residents and tourists of Hong Kong would be our target market that deserve our fully concentration on developing our own customer bases, as well as establishing our very brand awareness. 4. 1 Local residents who like popcorn or movies 1. normal users Geographically, those Hong Kong people who live in the urban vault of heavenNew Territories and Kowloonwould be our major(ip) typical users. In 2011, around 45% of the Hong Kong state is living in New Territories and around 30% of them lives in Kowloon.Demographically, those local residents, female or male, wh o are about 15-44 years old with average monthly income more than HKD10,000 or monthly spending more than HKD200 on snack food can be identified as our typical users. Additionally, people who will go to theater for movies more than four times a month will be defined as our heavy users. 2. Size and growth of this target market In 2011, the population in HK was about 7,067,800, and the average population growth rate had increase by 0. 72% compare to 2005.In terms of population of our target market, the amount of population of 15-44 years old is around 3,135,300, which accounts for 44. 4% of the totality population. 3 In the recent years, the film industry in Hong Kong is booming. Regarding to the film industry in Hong Kong, in 2010, the box office gross was HKD1,339 billion, and, in 2011, this number grew to HKD1. 379 billion. The total number of films that released in 2011 was 276, which included 56 Hong Kong local films and 220 foreign films. In addition, the number of attendance was 87,517 and the attendance rate was 75. % in 2011. Moreover, concord to a survey co-conducted by the University of Hong Kong and Hong Kong Picture Industry Association in 2008, 58. 3% of those people who went to a movie would buy various amount of popcorn as their companies for the next 120 minutes at the theater. 3. The real buyer in this target market The real buyer of our product is in the main the equal as our typical users. However, the male customers may account for a larger amount of them. Because when a couple goes to see a movie, the male will normally be the one who pends his money on the popcorn and share it with the female, given in the Hong Kong culture. 4. Main characteristics of this target market Our typical customers main characteristics can be described on two fronts. First, these people are deeply influenced and attracted by the film culture in Hong Kong, which is one of the most fundamental branches of the Hong Kong local culture. Second, accord to the dat a from Census and Statistics Department Hong Kong, among the people who is 18-44 years old, the average monthly income of them is HKD13,600. 5. Reasons why this target market is attractiveEvidently, there are two main reasons why these typical users of us, who are the 15-to-44-year-old local residents with over-average incomes, will be substantially attractive to our popcorn specialty store. Firstly, these typical users have been living in Hong Kong for some years that they may be fundamentally influenced by Hong Kong local culture, especially by the film culture in Hong Kong. Loving movies can be a major incentive for them to be willing to spend money to have movie in theaters. And popcorn, as one of the most ideal companies in theaters, can be one the last things our target market want to miss.Secondly, these young residents have relatively open-minded customer awareness, easier to accept new brands that have distinctive brand images. Moreover, they are relatively high-income citi zens living at a fashion lifestyle city and willing to spend more on snacks or recreations. 4. 2 Tourists 1. Typical users in this target market Geographically, tourists form Mainland China will be our target customers, especially who are from 4 main cities in China Shenzhen, Guangzhou, capital of Red China and Shanghai. Demographically, the tourists between 15-44 years old, male or female will be defined as our target customers. 2.Size and growth of this target market In 2011, Hong Kong received record-high visitors from around the world, which was totally 41,921,310, a remarkable increased by 16. 4% over 2010. Tourism generated value added of HKD 74. 6 billion in 2010 and the inbound tourism accounted for the largest share of the value added of tourism, which was HKD 59. 2 billion. Compared with 2005, this value added increased by an average annual rate of 12. 5%. Among various incomes generated from the inbound tourism, food and beverage run had HKD 6,300 millions value added i n 2011. 2. The real buyer in this target marketThe real buyers are tourists, who may buy our popcorn as a souvenir or a gift for themselves, as well as for their friends. It indicates that the buyer may not be the actual user in this target market. However, we will nonplus more financial aid to advertise our shop among the female tourists, since the female tourists are usually more interested in shopping and buying souvenirs. 3. Main characteristics of this target market Firstly, most of them are from Asia, especially from Mainland China. In 2011, Mainland China continued to be the largest visitor source market of Hong Kong, contributed 28. million arrivals, accounting for 67. 0% of total arrivals in Hong Kong. 7 Secondly, mid July to end August are always the most intense period for tourists to visit Hong Kong. Also, regarding to the life-cycle stage segment of overnight pass visitors in Hong Kong, approximately 36% of the visitors are families with children, 20% of them are you ng single male or female, 12% of them are young couples, and 7% of them are young students. Moreover, these visitors, 15-44 years old, which will be our target customers, account for 75% of our total visitors of Hong Kong in 2011. 4. Reasons why this target market is attractive Firstly, the number of tourists is outstandingly substantial and this number is increasing every year. The appreciation of most major currencies against Hong Kong dollar and the improving travel sentiment have fueled the impressive performance. 7 For the short-haul market, benefiting for the Individual Visit Scheme, which the Central Government has announced that residents from certain cities are al busteded to visit Hong Kong as tourists in their personal capacity, tourism in Hong Kong is developing significantly every year.In 2011, the coverage of the Scheme has expanded to 49 cities in China since the first introduced on in 2003. 9 That means the tourists form Mainland China will continue to increase subs tantially. For the long-haul markets, arrivals recorded a 1. 7% increase. In particular, the United States remained the largest long-haul market with 1. 2 million arrivals in 2011, representing a 3. 5% increase. 7 Secondly, the tourists, especially those who are from Mainland China, have such a robust consumption capacity. From the source of Hong Kong Tourism Board, in 2011, the total tourism expenditure associated to inbound tourism is HKD 253. billion, which had a significant 20. 5%, increase by 2010. 8 Specifically, the average spending of the visitors from Mainland China was HKD 8,220 in 2011, which has a 10. 3% increase by 2010. 9 5. 0 Competitive Analysis 5. 1 Direct Competitor Our direct competitor will be the Garrett Popcorn Shop Hong Kong, which is a famous popcorn store overseas. Garrett is located at the International Financial Center Mall Hong Kong, where is in the central business district in Hong Kong. The IFC Mall has lots of luxury shops inside and it focus on target ing to the high-income customers. 1.The strengths and weaknesses of Garrett First, Garrett has a high reputation overseas due to its long history and consistent high quality of impudently popcorn. That is, the global brand famousness of Garrett Popcorn would be so pervasive that would attract large amount of foreign customers who is working currently at Hong Kong. Second, after concentrating on popcorn industry for more than 60 years, Garrett has already developed its very own secret recipes to mix into popcorn, like The Chicago Mix, Caramel Crisp, and CheeseCorn. These famous flavors popcorn are another(prenominal) stunning strength of Garrett.However, some weaknesses of Garrett Popcorn Hong Kong have been exposed to the public, which may turn to be our opportunities. According to the OpenRice, which is a popular users review and local cuisine recommendation website, based on 5 aspects include taste, environment, service, hygiene, and value for money, Garrett Hong Kong scores only 3. 8 of 5. 0 based onthe customers ratings. The negative reviews are mainly about the service and the value of money. Many customers complained about the unfriendly staff and the too expensive popcorn. 2. Our strategies to compete with GarrettBased on the analysis about Garrett Hong Kongs strengths and weaknesses, our competing strategies can be elicited in three fronts. First is about different shop location setting that we would focus on popular shopping mall rather than luxury shopping center. Second is our popcorn price setting that would be average 20% lower than Garrett. Third is the customized services provided by us, which will customers to create their own flavor popcorn and packages. Moreover, we will pay more attention to select and train our staffs and thus provide very friendly service to customers. . 2 Indirect Competitors The indirect competitors of us will be the snack stores locate inside the theaters, which can also provide popcorn to our target customers. 1. The strengths and weaknesses of the snack store inside the theaters Firstly, its the most convenient location for the customers who are going to see a movie most of these snack store are just steps away from the theater. Secondly, the popcorn price is relatively low compare to our store. However, their weaknesses are also obviously when compare to our popcorn specialty store.Almost all of these stores just provide the sugar flavor popcorn to the customers. The very limit flavor choice and relatively low quality of popcorn are their biggest disadvantages. Additionally, these stores are usually put little effort on marketing communication with customers. 2. Our strategies to complete with the snack stores inside the theaters Evidently, our strategies to compete with these indirect competitors can be, firstly, providing discounts or advocating promotions to the customers who have a movie ticket.For example, the customers can get 10% off in our store when they present us the movie ticket o n the same day. Secondly, we will implement various campaigns that strongly advertise our fascinating tasty popcorn with multiple flavors and high quality, framing an image that our target customers can have a box of satisfying popcorn with a reasonable price. 5. 3 Potential competitors The potential competitors of our popcorn shop can be defined as those snack grocery stores that can offer alternatives snacks to popcorn. Although there are various kinds of snack food with even cheaper prices in those grocery tores, however, if a customer is looking something fresh or special rather than something bland when he/she is going to a movie, these grocery stores would soon to become the very last place to satisfy him/her. Thus, regarding to our target customers, we can pay efforts in marketing communication that utilizes mass medias to frame that fresh popcorn is the best choice for movies, especially the fresh popcorn with customized flavors we solo provided. 6. 0 Pricing Strategies 6. 1 Pricing Strategy 1. Pricing objective The pricing objective of Pop Popcorn fussyty Store is product-quality leadership.Consistent with our store s marketing strategy and brand positions, the message that we explore to communicate is that we offer high quality, various tasty flavors, as well as healthy popcorn with value price. 2. Unit cost and margins The total cost of our product will include fixed cost and variable cost. Since the various cost of raw materials are relatively low, while the cost of rent and salary is relatively high in Hong Kong. The cost of per popcorn will be lower when more popcorn has been made per day. Thus, in our price structure, the raw materials per unit cost is estimated approximately 15% of the total cost. . Competitors price structure comparison Garrett Popcorn Hong Kong provides 5 flavors and 6 sizes of popcorn to the consumer. The price is quite different based on different flavors, the average price of the Garretts popcorn is small HKD52, med ium HKD76, large HKD96, jumbo HKD164, 1 gallon HKD334, and 2 gallon HKD639. On the other hand, nearly all of the snack stores in theater in Hong Kong just provide the sugar flavor popcorn, and the price is around HKD15 for small, HKD25 for medium, and HKD30 for large size. 4.Pricing methods Base on the company cost, competitors cost, and customer demand, we will use the perceived-value pricing method to select our product price. In addition, based on our product-quality pricing object, we will seek to create an image that emphasizes our high-quality product with value price brand to consumer. Due to our location rent and little brand awareness, our average price will be about 20% lower than Garrett popcorn price. While our average price will be 25% higher than snack stores in theater since our store is excel in making arious tasty flavors popcorn. 6. 2 Price Structure 1. Our price list 2. Special offers In fiat to encourage sales we will provide access for certain customers to sp ecial prices. Such as special customer pricecustomers can get 10% off in our store when they present us the movie ticket on the same day. Also, we will have a oftenness reward programmembership cards which can collect points and use the points as cash to purchase popcorn in our store. Meanwhile, we will provide voucher in the special festival to our customers. 7. 0 Channels of DistributionInitially, Pop Popcorn will use a direct-to-consumer distribution model our own specialty store and website, to determine our channels of distribution. 7. 1 Specialty store in Langham Place Pop Popcorn Specialty Store will locate in the first floor at Langham Place. The reasons why we choose this location can be evidenced on two fronts. Firstly, Langham Place Mall, located in the very heart of Hong Kong, is a quintessential 15-storey fashionable landmark and one of the most popular shopping malls for both local residents and tourists.Secondly, the UA cinema at the 8th floor in Langham Place is th e nearly the most popular movie theater that has not only the highest attendance rate but also the best box office in Hong Kong. Thus, being located first floor in Langham Place, we can have an exclusive advantage to build up an intense connection with a large amount of our target customers. Not only the people who are shopping in the Langham Place can easily purchase our popcorn, but also the people who will go to see movies. As we mention about, everything is about film in Pop Popcorn Shop.The decoration style in our shop will be full of the film elements. As well as our staffs uniform. Buoyed by researches, which suggest that as much as 70 percent to 80 percent of purchase decisions are made inside the retail store, firms are increasingly recognizing the importance of influencing consumers at the point of purchase. Regarding to our popcorn shop, especially because of our low brand awareness at the very beginning, not only the display of our popcorn is important, but also our sale speople is essential for leading customers purchase decisions.On the other hand, when the consumers know our brand and come to purchase popcorn, salespeople may also play an important role to provide a very best purchase experience to these customers. Thus, lots of attention will be paid to manage our sales force through the selection, recruitment, training, motivation, compensation and evaluation sections in order to provide our customers the very best salespeople, who are sophisticated in customer service and fascinated by Pop Popcorns brand culture. 7. 2 Pop Popcorns own websiteThe very own attractive and interesting website of Pop Popcorn will provide a substantially recondite source of our store and product information, including our feature popcorn, distinctive customized service about the flavor popcorn and packages, etc. Moreover, various of promotions, membership activities, and latest movies news, trials, especially those information about local Hong Kong movies can be f ound on Pop Popcorns website, in order to establish its very own brand awareness that combines fresh tasty popcorn with Hong Kong film culture.In addition, our user-friendly and security purchase system in the website provides a convenient way for consumers to purchase our popcorn no matter for themselves or for their friends as a gift. 8. 0 Marketing Communications Pop Popcorns marketing communication strategy will, initially, endeavor to establish our very own brand awareness among our target customers in order to develop our customer base. Essentially, the message that Pop Popcorn aims to communicate is that it offers high quality, various tasty flavors, as well as healthy popcorn with value price.In addition, there are various efficient approaches for us to convey this message to our target customers, which includes the own website of Pop Popcorn, online and offline publicizing, sales promotions, interactive marketing and event and experience campaigns. 8. 1 Pop Popcorn Website The Pop Popcorn Web site focus on providing a rich source of product information with a fascinating website typography and design. Specifically, various information about our popcorn flavors, customized tin services, or promotions would be easily accessed to our customers in the website.In addition, the Pop Popcorn website will also provide a user-friendly purchase system for customers to order their popcorn online, so that they easily purchase our popular flavors popcorn or their customize flavor popcorn for themselves and their friends. 8. 2 Advertising 1. Online advertising Since one segmentation of our target customers is the local residents who likes to eat popcorn or likes to see movie, we will focus on put our online advert on the film websites, where the movie lovers usually browse and access to film information.Also, advertising Pop Popcorn in the local popular video websites, like Youtube and Tudou, which has huge traffics would be an extraordinary way to establish our b rand awareness, creating customers craving for our popcorns. Meanwhile, in order to cover another group of our target customerstourists, websites about travel guides, travellers reviews, and travelling recommendations about Hong Kong will also be our prior choices to place our online advertisements.We will seek to communicate that Pop Popcorn Specialty Store is one of the last things tourists want to miss when they travel in Hong Kong. 2. Offline advertising We will put our advertisement on the magazines that our target customers usually like to read, such as food magazines, film magazines, and travel magazines. Also, we will post outdoor advertising at the famous shopping places, where are popular to tourists and local residents especially the shopping malls that have theater inside. 8. 3 Sales PromotionsIn order to stimulate our short-run sales at the very beginning and build our long-run brand equity, we will offer multiple sales promotions to consumers. We will focus on giving away our popcorn samples because this consumer franchise-building promotion can provide a chance for customers to try our tasty popcorn. Also, we will offer coupons to encourage purchase of larger-size units and attract switchers away from competitors brands. Moreover, a frequency rewards program will be provided to customers in order to show our appreciation to them and increase their brand loyalty. . 4 Social Media With the pervasive development of social medias, we will create our official account or page on the popular social networks, like Facebook, Twitter, MySpace and Pinterest, which will ultimately be a major platform for us to collect customer views and interact with customers, as well as a major platform for us to frequently update our news and future promotions. 8. 5 Events and Experiences Pop Popcorn will establish a membership organization and focus on creating our own events and experience to create consumer and media interest and involvement.For example, we will or ganize gratuitous film talks for our members to share their movie reviews, and other relative events. At the same time, we will try to sponsor and cooperate with local film production companies. The Hong Kong films are typically low-budget when compared with American films. 3 So its possible that we can sponsor some local films with low cost. Since film culture is one of the most prominent characteristics of Hong Kong culture, cohering Pop Popcorn with Hong Kong film industry will not only help us to develop a large customer base of movie fans and tourists, but also increase our brand equity. . 0 Budgets for 3 Years 9. 1 Revenue cipher The revenue forecast in the first year will be HKD 1,580,000(USD 203,820) after the relatively large amount of expenditure on marketing communication. creation boosted by the online and offline advertisements, as well as our very own established brand awareness, the revenue forecast should be expectedly increasing by 12% in the second year and incre asing by 15% in the third year. 9. 2 Product Cost The variable costs include the popcorn kernel, flavorer and other relative supplies will account for 20% of the total sales revenue.The fixed costs include salary, rent and facilities. Specifically, the salary will be increased by 6% per year in order to maintain the staffs satisfaction. The rent of our store will remain the same in three years according to the contract, and the facilities expense is a one-time expenditure, which refers to the costs on the popcorn machines and the store renovation cost. 9. 3. Marketing Communication Expense Related to the marketing programs described in the prior section, our marketing communication expense included six aspects.The cost of building our own website will be relatively large in the first year. The online advertising budget will increase by 10% per year while offline advertising budget will decrease by 10% per year. The mainly cost of sales promotions are for free popcorn samples and p rinted coupons, which will decrease by 5% per year. On the other hand, the social media communication budget will increase by 20% and the events budget will increase by 15% per year since we will dedicate to have a border and deeper relationship with our customers. 9. 4 Total Budget for 3 Years 10. Reference Citations