Race, Class, Gender - 2273 Words

Danielle Karkkainen Prof. Shaleen Seward SOC. 301, Race/Class/Gender Writing Assignment December 4, 2012 I am an American, says over 308,745,538 people in the United States this year (2010 Census Data.) These people originate from everywhere; America is a melting pot of culture, and that can unfortunately cause social inequalities to arise through the Matrix of Domination, a theory that mirrors the intersectionality of race, class, and gender, as coauthor of Race, Class, Gender, an Anthology Patricia Hill Collins claims (Andersen, and Collins xi-xiii.) These two terms give label to the commonplace phenomena of race, class, and gender work within a system of social relationships. The understanding of people from other†¦show more content†¦We have a long way to go, as author Jeanne Theoharis proves in her article, I Hate It When People Treat Me Like a Fxxx-up the students of color in one school (as well, assumed in other schools) received unequal treatment, services, and materials because school officials believed the students did not care about their education. However, t he minority students kept a journal of how important their education was and the tolerance of the unfair treatment toward the minorities was exposed and corrected (Theoharis 409.) The idea that minorities, particularly African American, do not care about their education or are a problem population because of their race, and the typical disadvantages that come along with that is primitive. From the days of Harriet Tubman and slavery, to the powerful resolution of Rosa Parks, to the incredible civil rights acts in the 1960s, to the most wealthy woman in America being African American, black people have changed their face and the face of our history throughout time. African Americans have a type of double consciousness created by society. The majority (white people,) have created a belief shared amongst much of the black population on some kind of level. This perspective is that of an acceptance of a secondary race and not as worthy as Caucasians. The other perspective that may be what powers the young, black female in particular as aforementioned is that of strength andShow MoreRelatedRace, Class And Gender1032 Words   |  5 Pages IN WHAT WAYS DO RACE, CLASS AND GENDER SHAPE PRACTICES AND EXPERIENCES IN PRISON? DRAW ON THEORIES AND EXAMPLES/CASE STUDIES TO SUPPORT YOUR CASE. 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Mayella EwellRead MoreGender, Race, And Class957 Words   |  4 Pagesafforded by primarily white, rich males. The media in the United States has made a lot of progress towards showing gender and racial equality on TV but America still has a long way to go. As of 2015 white men still have a patriarchal ranking in media compared to women and minorities. This essay will be discussing how intersectionality, such as gender, race, and class, play a key part in gender roles in TV media today. Luxury is the main focus in Volvo Cars US’ commercial for their new Volvo XC90; butRead MoreRace, Gender, And Class1501 Words   |  7 Pages How did race, gender or class evolve in America in economic and social terms? Was race or class most important in shaping Colonial America and how do they interact today? Has the very idea of Class become almost synonymous with race (or ethnicity)? I would like to begin my research about immigration from what is was back in the day until modern times. Immigrants play such an important role in American History. People from different countries arrive to â€Å"The New World†, searchingRead MoreRace, Class, And Gender2137 Words   |  9 Pagesand be an enjoyable class to take. I had an idea of what the course would be about, but when I walked into the first class I was surprised how much the course would actually be covering in terms of race, class, and gender. Before taking Social Issues, I thought that the course would be exploring a broad range of social issues. My definition of social issues before the course was an issue that affected many individuals, not thinking specifically about race, class, and gender of all people. AfterRead MoreRace, Class, And Gender1976 Words   |  8 PagesMany of the results from the interview varied not only based on race, class and gender, but also from individual to individual. No matter what race or gender you are, a friend or family member different from you can have the same opinions, or in this case, some of the same answers to general life questions. I believe that these interview questions should not just be based on the race, class, and gender, but also the individuals themselves. From these questions and answers, one can get a true senseRead MoreRace, Class And Gender2035 Words   |  9 PagesFor this week the topics of our readings was Who Gets Ahead? Race, Class and Gender in Education. The readings focused on the inequalities that different groups face in our education system today. Some of the topics was how school classes create inequality, how activity participation plays a role in equality along with many other factors. A. Summary of Readings The Geography of Inequality For years people worked to desegregate schools so that every child no matter what color their skin was wouldRead More Race, Class and Gender1851 Words   |  8 PagesThis is premised on the stance that the racial hierarchy, regardless of its dismissal, seems to continue to characterise socio-economic relations. stated that race remains a factor because it is deeply embedded within the subconscious, a discussion on this shall follow suit. McClintock (1992: 5) declared that â€Å"race, class and gender are not distinct realms of experience existing in splendid isolation from each other. Rather they come into existence in and through relations to each other.† MoreoverRead MoreRace Class and Gender1003 Words   |  5 PagesWHAT ARE YOU TO DO WHEN LOOKING LIKE YOU DO IS NOT BEAUTIFUL? Beautiful. Everyone wants to look beautiful, but who determines what beautiful is? Being ugly is a problem that everyone fears. Getting under the knife on a surgical table is an answer to the problem. Eating an apple and only an apple, once a day is the other answer to the problem. The problem of not looking beautiful is slowly wiping out the naturally beautiful men and women. What are you to do when looking like you do, is not beautifulRead MoreRace, Class, Gender And Sexuality Essay953 Words   |  4 Pagesdemonstrate how race, class, gender and sexuality make certain experiences different. Intersectionality is the overlapping of social categories such as race, class, gender and sexuality that leads to further discrimination against a certain individual or group. To take an intersectional approach to understand race, class, gender and sexuality, is to consider hardships not as a similar element for all individuals without regards to race, but instead consider where in a specific h ardship different races, genders

Contribution of William Morton to Anesthesia-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss in detail about the code of Hammurabi. Explain in detail about the contribution of William Morton to Anesthesia. Answer: Code of Hammurabi One of the earliest and old written complete legal codes in the world is the code of Hammurabi. This code was written by the Babylonian king Hammurabi who ruled the dynasty from the 1792 to 1750 BC. According to the rules, a collection of 282 rule established standards for illegal practices. The code declared fines and punishments to the guilty. All the codes were mentioned in the if-then tense. The code consisted many harsh punishments, sometimes amputation of body parts as a punishment to the guilty. It also provides some of the first examples where accused considered innocent until the crime is proved (Pritchard 2016). The black stone encompassing the code of Hammurabi was imprinted from a single, four-ton block of diorite, a durable yet very difficult for carving. The stone which is divided in two parts, the first half of the stone of about two and a half feet describes about the god of justice Shamash. The rest of the stone consisting of chiseled cuneiform script. William Mortons contribution to Anesthesia. Willian Thomas Green Morton a former student of dental science, was once suggested that ether can be used instead of nitrous oxide for pain removal. He experimented ether and quickly realized that it can be used for anesthetic surgery. The machine he developed, used simple glass globe that housed an ether drenched sponge (Desai and Desai 2015). The patient had to simply inhale the vapors, coming through the globes outlet to achieve intoxicated stage (for not feeling in pain). On October 16,1846 (Pritchard 2016). he used it on a patient and the patient was successfully anesthetized. This became a revolutionary idea; modern generation Anesthesia later came was based on this idea. References Desai, M.S. and Desai, S.P., 2015. Discovery of Modern Anesthesia: A Counterfactual Narrative about Crawford W. Long, Horace Wells, Charles T. Jackson, and William TG Morton.AANA journal,83(6), p.411. Pritchard, J.B. ed., 2016.Ancient Near Eastern texts relating to the Old Testament with supplement. Princeton University Press

Girl Scout Cookies free essay sample

The  Girl Scouts of the United States of America  (GSUSA) is a  youth organization  for girls in the United States and American girls living abroad. It was founded by  Juliette Gordon Low  in 1912 and was organized after Low met  Robert Baden-Powell, the founder ofScouting, in 1911. [2]  Upon returning to  Savannah, Georgia, she telephoned a distant cousin, saying, Ive got something for the girls of Savannah, and all of America, and all the world, and were going to start it tonight! [3] GSUSA aims to empower girls and to help teach values such as honesty, fairness, courage, compassion, character, sisterhood, confidence, and  citizenship  through activities including  camping,  community service, learning  first aid, and earning badges by acquiring other practical skills. Girl Scouts achievements are recognized through rank advancement and by various special awards such as the bronze award. Girl Scouts welcomed girls with disabilities early in their history , at a time when they were not included in most other activities. We will write a custom essay sample on Girl Scout Cookies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page [3] Membership is organized according to grade with activities designed appropriately for each level. The GSUSA is a member of the  World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts(WAGGGS), and has an extensive history of accepting girls from any background. In 1994, the  Chronicle of Philanthropy, an industry publication, released the results of the largest study of charitable and non-profit organization popularity and credibility. The study showed that the Girl Scouts was ranked as the 8th most popular charity/non-profit in America of over 100 charities researched with 41% of Americans over the age of 12 choosing Love and Like A Lot for the Girl Scouts. 4]  It describes itself as the worlds preeminent organization dedicated solely to girls. - History Juliette Gordon Low  (center), with two Girl Scouts. Girl Scouting in the United States of America began on March 12, 1912 when  Juliette Daisy Gordon Low  organized the first Girl Scout troop meeting of 18 girls in  Savannah, Georgia. It has since grown 3. 7 million members. [3]  Low, who had met  Baden-Powell  in London while she was living in the United Kingdom, dreamed of giving the United States and the world something for all the girls. She envisioned an organization that would bring girls out of their sheltered home environments to serve their communities, experience the out-of-doors, and give them the opportunity to develop self-reliance and resourcefulness. Unlike other organizations, from its inception, Girl Scouts has been organized and run exclusively by women, for girls and women. [6] The organizations original name was the Girl Guides of America. In 1913, it was changed to the Girl Scouts of the United States and the organization was incorporated in 1915. citation needed] The name was finally changed to the Girl Scouts of the United States of America in 1947, and was given a  congressional charter  on March 16, 1950. The GSUSA started with 18 members  Ã¢â‚¬â€ within months, members were hiking through the woods in their knee-length blue uniforms, playing basketball on a curtained-off court, and going on camping trips. By 1920, there were nearly 70,000 members, and by 1930 over 200,000. In 2005 there were over 3. 7  million Girl Scouts  Ã¢â‚¬â€ 2. 8  million girl members and 954,000 adult members  Ã¢â‚¬â€ in the United States. 7]  More than 50  million American women have participated in the Girl Scouts. Through its membership in the  WAGGGS, GSUSA is part of a worldwide Scouting family of over 10 million girls and adults in 145 countries. [8] The names and ages of the  levels  Ã¢â‚¬â€ and the larger structure of the program  Ã¢â‚¬â€ have evolved significantly. Troops were initially fairly independent before joining together into small councils, which have recently merged into larger councils. The  Juliette Gordon Low Birthplace, located in  Savannah, Georgia  in the former Gordon family home, became the National Girl Scout program center in 1956. 9]  It provides tours to thousands of Girl Scouts yearly. Upon Lows death in 1927, she willed her carriage house, which would eventually become The Girl Scout First Headquarters, to the local Savannah Girl Scouts for continued use. [10]  The first National Headquarters was in Washington, D. C. , but it was moved to New York City in the spring of 1916 and has remained there ever since. The aim of the Girl Scouts is that girls will develop to their full potential by pursuing four goals: developing their full potential; relating to others with increasing understand ing, kill, and respect; developing a meaningful set of values to guide their actions and to provide for sound  decision-making; and contributing to the improvement of society. [11] [edit]World War II Girl Scout presentation at  Hinamatsuri(Doll Festival) on Japanese Girls Day atCrystal City Internment Camp,  Crystal City, Texas During  World War II, 1943–1945, many young Japanese-American girls were confined ininternment  camps with their families. Girl Scout troops were organized, even in these camps. These girls participated in many activities, including dramatic presentations, which took place in the  Crystal City Internment Camp, located in  Crystal City, Texas. [edit]Desegregation Most Girl Scout units were originally  segregated  by  race  according to state and local laws and customs. The first troop for African American girls was founded in 1917; the firstAmerican Indian  troop was formed in  New York State  in 1921; and the first troop for  Mexican Americans  was formed in  Houston, Texas, in 1922. In 1933, Josephine Groves Holloway founded unofficial African American troops in  Tennessee. She also fully desegregated the Cumberland Valley council in 1962. [12]  The first official African American troop in the South was founded in 1932 in  Richmond, Virginia  by Lena B. Watson and led initially by Lavnia Banks, a teacher from Armstrong High School. It first met in Hartshorn Hall,  Virginia Union University. [13] By the 1950s, the GSUSA had begun significant national efforts to desegregate the camps and maintain racial balance. One of the first desegregations, accomplished by Murray Walls in 1956, was Camp Shantituck in  Kentucky. [14]  Later the same year,  Martin Luther King, Jr. described Girl Scouts as a force for desegregation. 15]  In 1969, a national Girl Scout initiative called Action 70 was created that aimed to eliminate  prejudice. Gloria D. Scott, an African American, was elected National President of the Girl Scouts in 1975. [16] [edit]Wing Scouts Main article:  Wing Scout The  Wing Scout  program was a Senior Girl Scout program for g irls interested in flying and wanting to serve their country, started in 1941 and ending in the 1970s. In July 1942, 29 troop leaders from fifteen states met in  Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to take Wing Scout leadership training. These leaders returned to their councils and began setting up Wing Scout troops. In 1959, Girl Scout Council in North  San Mateo County, California was presented with an offer from  United Airlines  San Francisco Management Club President J. L. Burnside to start an aviation program for Senior Girl Scouts. One of the highlights of the Wing Scout program was the courtesy flight provided to Senior Girl Scouts using United Airlines jets. For many of the girls, this was the first time they had flown in a  plane. Senior Girl Scouts who had been in the program for three years were given the opportunity to take over the controls during flight in a small aircraft. The program was discontinued after  United Airlines  experienced financial setbacks in the 1970s. [17] - [edit]Age levels Main article:  Girl Scout levels (USA) Bess Truman  with Girl Scouts and their leaders Hillary Clinton  posing with Girl Scouts The program was originally for girls aged from 10 to 18, but it was subsequently divided into three levels. Brownies  (for younger girls) was based on a program developed in England in 1914 and was officially recognized in the mid-1920s. At the same time, girls over 18, or over 16 if First Class Scouts, became known as Senior Scouts. In 1938, the age divisions were: Brownies (ages 7 through 9), Intermediates (ages 10 through 13), and Seniors (ages 14 through 18). [18] In 1965 the age structure was rearranged to Brownies (ages 7 through 9, later 6 through 9), Juniors (ages 9 through 11), Cadettes (ages 11 through 14), and Seniors (ages 14 through 17). [19]  In 1984, the  Daisy  program for  kindergarten  girls or those aged five was introduced. [20]  In 2003, the  Studio 2B  program for girls aged from 11 up to 17 was introduced through Cadettes and Seniors. 21] Studio 2B allowed girls to call themselves by any name of their choosing, including but not limited to Studio 2Bs,[22]  teen Girl Scouts, or Cadettes and Seniors. Girl Scouts, aged 11 through 17, can earn both traditional badges and undertake Studio 2B activities, and the Silver Award and Gold Award requirements were rewritten to require both . Studio 2B activities differed from badges in two ways: each booklet focused on topics such as environmentalism or self-confidence rather than being; and to earn each Studio 2B charm, the Girl Scout had to choose activities from the booklet and then meet a goal relevant to the booklet topic. She would create her own plan for achieving her goal, following a basic planning procedure called  SMART  (standing for Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timely). On October 1, 2008, all levels were changed to have Girl Scouts as the beginning of their name, e. g. Girl Scout Brownies instead of Brownie Girl Scouts, and all levels are by grade only instead of by age or grade. A new level, Girl Scout Ambassadors was created for girls in  Grades  11 and 12 (around 16 to 18 years old), with Girl Scout Seniors to be only in ninth and tenth grade (around 14 to 16 years old) and grades for other levels were changed. The new levels were trialled in approximately six councils in Spring 2008, and began national use after October 1, 2008. Although troop membership has always and is still the most common way to participate in Girl Scouting, girls who do not desire to participate in troop activities can still sign up as an individual Girl Scout, known as a  Juliette. Juliettes attend activities independently and work individually on badges and awards. The term Juliette may be phased out in the future. [citation needed] The Campus Girl Scouts program allows women (ages 18 and older) to be active in Girl Scouting while in college. Campus Girl Scouting is an organization that helps promote and build student involvement in the community, the local council, and the college campus through service. [23] [edit]Mariner Scouts The 20th National Council of the GSUSA launched the Mariner Girl Scout program in October 1934. [24]  Similar to the Boy Scouts  Sea Scouts, the program was designed for older  Girl Scouts  interested in outdoor water-based activities. By the end of 1934, 12 Mariner ships were registered and the first two handbooks,  Launching a Girl Scout Mariner Ship  and  Charting the Course of a Girl Scout Mariner Ship  were published. The Mariner Girl Scout program remains active but in a smaller form; most girls have instead joined the Sea Scouts, which has been co-ed since 1971. [25] [edit]Special programs There are programs for girls in unusual situations that make it difficult for them to participate in the standard program. The  Girl Scouts Beyond Bars  program helps daughters of incarcerated mothers to connect with their mothers and to have the mothers participate in Girl Scout activities. Another program,  Girl Scouting in Detention Centers, allows girls who are themselves in detention centers to participate in Scouting. Other initiatives try to help girls in rural areas or in public housing. There are also programs for American girls living overseas. [26] - [edit]Organizational structure The national organization has its central headquarters in New York City. It has a staff of 400, and is headed by a Chief Executive Officer and a 40 member National Board of Directors. Kathy Cloninger has been the Chief Executive Officer since 2003 and retired in November 2011. Girl Scouts of the USA celebrated 100 years of history and welcomed its new chief executive officer, Anna Maria Chavez, at its National Council Session/52nd Convention in Houston from November 10–13, 2011. [27]  The Chair of the National Board of Directors, the highest volunteer position, is Connie L. Lindsey. [28] Below the national organization are councils, which cover a large portion of a state or geographic region. Some Councils own and run camps for the troops within its area of responsibility. Councils are usually subdivided again into areas, called Neighborhoods, Service Units, or Associations (terms vary), which are program delivery areas that consist of troops at all age levels in a smaller area, such as a town. The basic unit is the troop which may or may not be sponsored. In contrast to Boy Scout troop chartered organizations, Girl Scout troop sponsors do not own the troop. Troops range in size from as small as five to as large as 30 or more girls and may be divided into several patrols of 8 or fewer girls. edit]Realignment In 2004, the Girl Scouts of the USA hired Professor Willie Pietersen, an instructor at  Columbia Business School, to use his expertise in business metrics to help Girl Scouts develop a strategy to ensure our future success and growth. They used his help in setting targets and implementing ways to change the organization for the better. In addition, six Gap Teams looked at ways for Girl Scouting to improve their structure to prepare for future gr owth and success for the organization. 29]  This was following declines in membership and in revenue, as well as challenges in cross-subsidizing programs for inner city girls. The governance Gap Team found that consolidation decreased confusion and provided economies of scale, and recommended an optimal council size of approximately 10,000 girls. [30]  As of 2006, there were 312 regional Girl Scout councils, which own the 236,000 local troops and other groups. As part of the August 26, 2006 reorganization, the National Board of Directors decided to restructure the 312 councils into 109 councils. 31] This was not without resistance, as the Girl Scout council in Manitou, Wisconsin sued the national GSUSA in Federal District Court alleging breach of the Girl Scout charter, which was summarily dismissed with prejudice by the court. [30]  However the Seventh U. S. Circuit of Appeals overturned that decision stating that a Girl Scout council agreement was no different than a  Dunk in Donutsfranchise and maintained the status of the Manitou council. Thus, there are 112 Girl Scout councils in the United States. [32] - edit]Insignia [edit]Promise, Law, Motto, and Slogan Promise The Girl Scout Promise can be made in English, Spanish, or in  American Sign Language  with the same meaning. [33] On my honor, I will try: To serve God and my country, To help people at all times, And to live by the Girl Scout Law. [34] The Promise is often recited at Girl Scout troop meetings while holding up the  three middle fingers  of the right hand, which forms the Girl Scout sign. Girl Scout policy states that the word God may be interpreted depending on individual spiritual beliefs. When reciting the Girl Scout Promise, God may be substituted with the word dictated by those beliefs. The Girl Scout Motto is Be Prepared. [35] Law I will do my best to be Honest and Fair, Friendly and Helpful, Considerate and Caring, Courageous and Strong, and Responsible for what I say and do, And to respect myself and others, respect authority, use resources wisely, make the world a better place, and be a sister to every Girl Scout. [34] Motto Be Prepared. [36] Slogan Do a Good Turn Daily[36] [edit]Girl Scout Uniforms For girls ages 5 to 14, the unifying look includes wearing a choice of a tunic, vest, sash for displaying official pins and awards, combined with their own solid white shirts and khaki pants or skirts. Girl Scouts in high school can also wear a scarf that unites their look with the sisterhood of Girl Scouts around the world. For adult members the unifying look of the uniform is a Girl Scout official scarf or tie for men, worn with the official membership pins, combined with their own navy blue business attire. Girl Scouts at the Daisy and Brownie levels will continue to have a full uniform ensemble available. 37] Girl Scout in uniform, 1973 Girl Scout uniforms have changed significantly over the years from the original navy blue in 1912, to khaki in 1914, to the familiar green. The evolution has included uniforms with the specificity to designate each age level of Girl Scouting. Since 2008, Girl Scouts at each level have one required element (Tunic,  Sash  or Vest) for the displa y of official pins and awards which will be required when girls participate in ceremonies or officially represent the Girl Scout Movement. For all levels, earned awards go on the front of the vest or sash following official placements. Fun patches can be displayed on the back of their vest or sash. Girl Scout Daisies can chose a blue vest or a smock with a full uniform or white shirt and khaki pants and skirt. They have their own Daisy Pin and a choice of accessories. Girl Scout Brownies can chose a traditional brown vest or sash to be worn with the historic Brownie Pin and other uniform pieces or white shirt and khaki pants or skirts. Girl Scout Juniors wear their official vest or sash to display insignia including awards, coupled with a white shirt and khaki pants or skirt. Girl Scout Cadettes, Seniors and Ambassadors can chose a khaki sash or vest to go with khaki pants or skirt and a white shirt. The adult uniform also changed, with registered women and men wearing navy blue business attire, again from their regular wardrobes. Also available for women are official sweaters and an insignia scarf, while men have the option of an official tie. [38][39] [edit]Logos Designed by  Juliette Low, the sole emblem of the Girl Scouts of the USA from 1912 until 1976 The current Girl Scouts of the USA logo was adopted in 2010, based on the  Saul Basss 1978 logo. He was a graphic designer known for his motion picture title sequences. The hair and facial styles were updated by Jennifer Kinon and Bobby Martin of The Original Champions of Design. [40] The emblem designed by  Juliette Low  was the only emblem used for Girl Scout Pins through 1980. The 1978 GSUSA National Convention voted to use two logos, and allow Girl Scouts to pick which they wanted to wear as their Girl Scout Pin (for Girl Scout Juniors and up). - [edit]Activities One of the original and continuing attractions of Girl Scouts is that girls become proficient campers and participate in many outdoor activities such as  canoeing  or  backpacking  with their troops. Troops do service projects such as carrying out flag ceremonies, collecting food for food drives, visiting nursing homes and Christmas caroling or other community services. [41]  Troops may also plan and take extended trips such as visiting another part of the United States or even travel to another country. Troops may organize  cultural  or learning events such as first aid training or attending live theatre. The Girl Scout activity most familiar to the general public may be the annual sale of  Girl Scout Cookies, which started in 1917 as a money earning opportunity for the local council and troops. [edit]Destinations Main article:  Destinations Once known as Wider Opportunities or  Wider Ops,  Destinations  are travel opportunities for individual older Girl Scouts. Destinations are held within the United States and in other countries. Destinations are primarily international, outdoor, science, people, or apprenticeship oriented. ,[42]  such as  kayaking  in Alaska, or career oriented such as learning about working for  NASA. 43] A Destination may be a trip to one of the WAGGGS World Centres: * Our Cabana  in  Cuernavaca, Mexico * Our Chalet  in  Adelboden, Switzerland * Pax Lodge  in London, England * Sangam World Centre  in  Pune, India[44] - [edit]Traditions The Girl Scouts of the USA have many customs and traditions: camping, community service, singing, and money earning to support their activities. The Girl Scout Handshake and the Girl Scout signal for silence are two shared by WAGGGS member organizations. Other traditions include the Friendship Circle with the squeeze, taking bandanas and home-made sit-upons on camping trips and the buddy system. Bridging is the process of going from one level to another. Bridging is usually done at the troop level, although area bridgings are often held. The girls that are bridging walk across a bridge to their new level and are greeted with the Girl Scout Handshake. There is a notable bridging ceremony held in San Francisco, as GS Juniors bridge to GS Cadettes over the  Golden Gate Bridge. World Thinking Day  and Girl Scouts Own are traditions throughout the world of Girl Scouting. World Thinking Day has occurred annually since 1926 on February 22, the birthday of both  Robert Baden-Powell  and  Olave Baden-Powell. On Thinking Day, Girl Scouts and Guides around the world think about their sisters in other lands;[45]  Councils or local service units (associations) hold a celebration on or near this day, in which each participating troop gives a presentation of the culture and customs of a country selected by the troop. Many Girl Scouts in America celebrate Juliette Gordon Lows birthday on October 31, Founders Day. The parties often include the girls dressing up in Halloween costumes, and serving birthday cake. A Girl Scouts Own is a special ceremony that expresses the spirit of Girl Scouting when the girls reflect upon their feelings about Girl Scouting and the world around them. A Scouts Own can have any theme, or none at all. It is a solemn time given for Girl Scouts to create a moment of their very own. It can be held at any time and include the girls troop or be held at any inter-troop gathering. [46] - [edit]Awards and badges A Girl Scout working on her Gold Award project. Members can earn awards appropriate for their age level. Originally called badges, the terminology has changed to Learning Petals for GS Daisies, GS Try-Its for Brownies, GS Badges for Juniors, and Charms and Interest Project awards for GS Cadettes, Seniors,and Ambassadors (older girls). These Girl Scout awards are expected to be renamed badges in 2012-2014. Girl Scout Daisies will still earn Learning Petals and will be able to earn Leaves. [47]  Girl Scouts at every level can also earn Journey Awards. Journeys have become a large part of the Girl Scout program. In 2011, there were three Journeys, with books and awards for each level: Its Your World Change It! , Its Your Planet Love It! , and Its Your Story Tell It! . The highest achievement in Girl Scouting is the  Girl Scout Gold Award, which can only be earned by GS Seniors and Ambassadors. The highest award for GS Cadettes is the  Silver Award  and  Bronze Award  is the highest award for Girl Scout Juniors. These awards require large-scale service projects showing leadership along with service hours. [48]  The service projects must improve a current situation, such as restoring the eroded banks of a stream. Girl Scouts can also earn and display on their uniform awards from outside organizations, such as the  religious emblems  from religious organizations, or the  Presidents Volunteer Service Award. Girl Scouts can also receive awards for lifesaving and leadership. [edit]Adult recognition There are also GS awards for adults including: Outstanding Volunteer, Outstanding Leader, Appreciation Pin, Honor Pin, Thanks Badge, and Thanks Badge II. Outstanding Volunteer is awarded for Outstanding service as Girl Scout volunteer (other than a leader). Outstanding Leader is awarded for Outstanding service as Girl Scout leader. Appreciation Pin is awarded for exceptional performance beyond expectations for the position. Service benefits one or more service units The Honor Pin recognizes an adult member who has delivered exceptional service beyond expectations to two or more geographic areas, service units or program delivery audiences in a way that furthers the councils goals. [49]  Thanks Badge recognizes outstanding service for two or more service units. Different GS councils use different terminology for regions within their council. Thanks Badge II is awarded where the recipient has received the Thanks Badge and the recipient’s service continues to merit further recognition. At least one nomination, two endorsements, and a review of the forms is required for each of these awards. [50] - [edit]Effect on American life Among the many famous American Girl Scouts are  Dakota Fanning,  Lucille Ball,  Katie Couric, and  Elizabeth Dole. [51]  Many Girl Scouts have become successful leaders in numerous professional fields such as law, medicine, politics, journalism, and science. 51]Beginning with  Lou Henry Hoover, the incumbent  First Lady  has served as the Honorary President of GSUSA. Lou Henry Hoover was also the actual President of the Girl Scouts from 1922–1925 and Chairman of the National Board of Directors from 1925–1928. [52] During  World War I  and  World War II,  girls  involved in Scouts helped the  Allied forces  by selling defense bonds, growing  victory gardens, and collecting waste fat and scrap iron. [53]  Girl Scouts also spread their values into their communities through  community serviceprojects such as  soup kitchens  and food drives. Over twenty of NASA’s career astronauts were former Girl Scouts. The first American woman to spacewalk was a former Girl Scout, Dr. Kathryn Sullivan. [54] [edit]The American Girl From 1917 until 1979 Girl Scouts published a magazine, originally called The Rally (1917–1920) and then The American Girl, with the The later being dropped (not to be confused with the currently published  American Girl  magazine). [55]  At one time this magazine had the largest circulation of any magazine aimed at teen-aged girls. [edit]Girl Scout Senior Roundups Main article:  Girl Scout Senior Roundup International Girl Scout gatherings named Senior Roundups were held every three years from 1956 until 1965:[56] * Milford, Michigan  (1956) attended by 5,000  girls * Colorado Springs, Colorado, from July 3, 1959 to July 12, 1959, with 10,000  girls * Button Bay, Vermont  from July 18, 1962 to July 31, 1962, with 9,000  girls * Farragut Reservation,  Idaho, from July 17, 1965 to July 26, 1965, with 12,000  girls - [edit]Issues [edit]No official stand on sexuality and gender issues Girl Scouts of the USA stated in an October 1991 letter:[57] As a private organization, Girl Scouts of the U. S. A. respects the values and beliefs of each of its members and does not intrude into personal matters. Therefore, there are no membership policies on sexual preference. However, Girl Scouts of the U. S. A. has firm standards relating to the appropriate conduct of adult volunteers and staff. The Girl Scout organization does not condone or permit sexual displays of any sort by its members during Girl Scout activities, nor does it permit the advocacy or promotion of a personal lifestyle or sexual preference. These are private matters for girls and their families to address. GSUSA upholds a dont ask, dont evangelize policy on sexuality. [58]  The debate over this issue is split between those who feel that the policy should avoid and prevent discrimination on the grounds of  sexual orientation, and those who question the inclusion of lesbians. [59][60] In October 2011, the  Girl Scouts of Colorado  council publicly stated, If a child identifies as a girl and the childs family presents her as a girl, Girl Scouts of Colorado welcomes er as a Girl Scout, when overturning a local troops rejection of a 7-year-old transgender girl. [61] [edit]To Serve God in the Promise In early 1992, the Totem Girl Scout Council suggested changing the promise to make it possible for girls who did not believe in amonotheistic  god to join. In November 1992, the parents of Nitzya Cuevas-Macias sued for their daughter to be permitted to participate even though she refused to promise to serve God. [62][63 ] On October 23, 1993, the Girl Scouts of the USA voted 1,560-375[64]  to permit individuals to substitute another word or phrase for God in their promise. 35] THAT, since the Girl Scout organization makes no attempt to interpret or define the word God but encourages members to establish for themselves the nature of their spiritual beliefs, it is the policy of the Girl Scouts of the U. S. A. that individuals when making the Girl Scout Promise may substitute wording appropriate to their own spiritual beliefs for the word God. with the explanation that For some individuals, the word God, no matter how broadly interpreted, does not appropriately reflect their spiritual beliefs. Since the belief in a spiritual principle is fundamental to Girl Scouting, not the word used to define that belief, it is important that individuals have the opportunity to express that belief in wording meaningful to them. It is essential to maintain the spiritual foundation of Girl Scouting, yet be inclusive of the full range of spiritual beliefs. This [policy change] does not take the word God out of the Girl Scout Promise. It gives those individuals who wish to do so the option to state their commitment to the spiritual concepts fundamental to the Movement with a word or words more appropriate to their own beliefs. For instance, an individual may say my faith or Allah or the Creator. Girl Scout President B. LaRae Orullian made an official statement that the change is a very strong statement that Girl Scouts continue to be on the cutting edge, and this is a continuing effort to show that we have strength in diversity and that we are an inclusive organization. [64] Some groups consider that the Girl Scouts of the USA have not gone far enough in making Scouting open to  non-theists; others that they have gone too far in removing God or that they are violating the constitution of the  WAGGGS. The WAGGGS constitution requires member societies to maintain membership standards to include a promise similar to the one established by Baden-Powell, which includes the concept of duty to God. [65][66][67]  The GSUSA policy adopted in 1993 led to the 1995 formation of an alternative organization, the  American Heritage Girls  that accepts only leaders and chartering organizations that agree with a specific Christian statement of faith. [68]  The organization had a little over 5,000 members in 2006. According to the organization, membership as of 2012 is over 18,000. [69] [edit]Prayer at meetings The official Girl Scout policy does not ban or require prayer. [70] The Girl Scout organization does not endorse or promote any particular philosophy or religious belief. Our movement is secular and is founded on American democratic principles, one of which is freedom of religion. Although Girl Scouts has policies supporting religious diversity, there is no policy by Girl Scouts of the USA that prohibits or requires the saying or singing of a grace, blessing, or invocation before meals by Girl Scout members in a troop/group setting, in a resident or day camp, or at meetings, conferences, and other large events. The decision to say a grace, blessing, or invocation is made locally at the troop or group level, and should be sensitive to the spiritual beliefs of all participants. [edit]Objections to sex education sponsored by Planned Parenthood In 2004, in  Waco, Texas, the Bluebonnet Council endorsed a Planned Parenthood education event without providing money nor sending Scouts to it. This was criticized by some  pro-life  movement supporters and  social conservatives, resulting in a boycott of Girl Scout cookies sold by the Bluebonnet Council.

Why social recruiting is the next big thing for recruiters

Why social recruiting is the next big thing for recruiters When you think about what’s changed the job search more than anything else over the past 10 years or so, it’s probably the exponentially growing influence of social media. Job seekers have learned to be more cautious about what they post online (at least they should be), and it’s opened up a whole new pool of recruitment potential for employers. To a certain extent, companies still follow the old recruitment model- put out a job opportunity and the response will include a number of qualified candidates. But more and more, organizations are looking to take advantage of the organic networking of social media to boost their recruiting.This focus on outreach to potential candidates via social platforms like LinkedIn, Facebook, or Twitter is known as â€Å"social recruiting.† This isn’t just posting job ads on sites and hoping for the best- social recruiting is a proactive method for reaching new candidates by searching for profiles with specific qualiti es, interacting with potential candidates on the platform, and letting people know about specific job opportunities. This is a huge growth area for hiring companies and recruiters- in fact, nearly 60% of recruiters rated candidates that came in through social recruiting as â€Å"highest quality,† according to a JobVite survey.So why should companies consider embracing this trend more fully?It’s cost-effectiveJob advertisements are getting more expensive all the time, and the results can be†¦mixed. Social recruiting gives recruiters more control over the talent pool and more visibility into the talent available. Unlike advertising, associated costs (if there are any) are minimal.The right platform can yield great resultsThere are obvious places to start (like  LinkedIn, Twitter, and Facebook), but more specialized platforms can really step up your recruiting game. For example, if you’re looking for a designer, you might want to try Instagram or other visua lly-oriented social media platforms.hbspt.cta.load(2785852, '9e52c197-5b5b-45e6-af34-d56403f973c5', {});It’s an update on word-of-mouth hiringReferrals are a time-honored way to bring in good candidates for a particular job- someone who knows what’s required of the job (an employee or colleague) refers someone he or she knows who might be a good fit. The â€Å"insider track† helps narrow the field, but it also yields high-quality results. Plus, the eventual turnover rate is lower, as referred employees have a turnover rate of about 13%, versus 19% for employees hired through more traditional recruitment channels. The difference here is that the â€Å"referrer† is the candidate’s publicly searchable information.It reflects the changing workforceThe early adopters of social media, Millennials, are now the largest segment of the American workforce. Social recruiting signals a willingness to meet these potential employees on their own terms in an incre asingly digital landscape. Facebook is currently the most popular platform among this group, but developing a strong social recruiting platform now means being able to adjust to whatever social networks come next.It makes recruiting more active, less passiveBeing able to reach out directly to potential candidates is an advantage. Job seekers spend a lot of time and energy building and refining their online presence in the hopes of getting that next big opportunity. Companies who go looking for candidates are able to find these savvier, well-prepared candidates faster and more efficiently, rather than waiting for them to come through a traditional pipeline.Social recruiting is the wave of the future because it makes sense for recruiters who want to find the best candidates while making the most of their recruitment resources. It’s an opportunity for people on both sides (job seekers and job fillers) to work together to make the hiring process a better, more informed propositio n for everyone involved.

Postmodernism, Feminism and Social Science Essay

Postmodernism, Feminism and Social Science - Essay Example The essay "Postmodernism, Feminism and Social Science" states the social theories of interpretivism and feminism and how they are important for research in nursing in home care and nursing homes. Feminist is the way which helps women to know things and it gained support in the year 1980. â€Å"Women’s way of knowing† was the book which argued women have intuitive understanding. Sandra Harding explained about the contribution of feminism and increasing presence of women in the field of feminist sciences. Elsie Clew Parsons focused on gender and explained its influence on career of women. Feminist methodologies emphasizes on the idea that women have distinctive ways of knowing. There were many critiques that rejected the notion and even the methodology or reasons to be gendered. Feminists study the systematic oppression of women and the current wave of feminist thought includes the concept of empiricist principles. Nursing is primarily considered a woman’s professi on as the ideal of nurturing and caring is the essence of nursing which is associated with feminine aspect of human beings. Feminists theories believes the knowledge gained by the scientific methods is considered legitimate knowledge but, according to Hubbard, scientific knowledge may reflect the interest and outlook of producers. Feminists oppose the rigid scientific epistemology. It is necessary to have a nonsexist approach for research in feminism and the influence of social concepts on the working of female nurses in nursing homes.

Connections in Middle Eastern Music and Religion Research Paper

Connections in Middle Eastern Music and Religion - Research Paper Example The use of music in the Jewish theory made profound success as a means of attracting youths into the synagogues. This led to creation of folk, jazz and rock forms of music. Jewish women participated in music either as composers or cantors and brought new dimension on ancient view points of the Jewish religion. The role of sacred music led to greater flowering of the music theory, which had been initially thought to be immoral .Middle eastern Jewish folks majorly used the maqam system, which was Arabic classical music (Randel, 550). (Isaacson, 185) notes that when individuals think about Jewish music, what comes into their minds are hymns, holiday songs, and prayer settings that are associated with synagogues. Modern cantors acquire their nusach in sacred music schools from 19th and 20th century cantor educators such as Katchko and Baer. Word painting was carried out by cantor, who learned different modulates, one after another. Two cantors chanting similar prayers using the same nusa ch created contrasting emotional responses in formation of the song. They also employed the use of Scarbova or Misinai, that meant anonymous; unattributed folk melodies. These melodies were well versed by the members of the congregation and in fact believed to descend from Moses in Mount Sinai. Scarbova Is Latin for Sacred. Songs were the essence of tradition and culture and comfort of hearing them had strong ties to the Jewish religion. Traditionally Yiddish music was played by use of string instruments.

The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World. Clash of Ignorance Essay Example for Free

The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World. Clash of Ignorance Essay This article by Edward Said is a follow up to an earlier article by Samuel Huntington titled â€Å"The Clash of Civilization† that was themed around civilization being a source of conflict in the modern world. The focus of Huntington’s article is the prediction of ideological differences between the different cultures say religions Christianity and Islam being a source of conflict in the world. Summary of the article This article â€Å"Clash of Ignorance† by Edward Said aims at faulting the earlier assumption in the â€Å"Clash of civilization† where it is only assumed that the major cultures say the West and Islamism are in conflict. The high level of ignorance in the theory and generalization of the West and Islam as cultures is the main thematic concern by Said in this article. The article faults the general ascribed ideology of the West versus the rest as in the cold war period to a now new modern ideology of Islamism versus the West. Critical Discussion Said makes an argument against some of the popular entities in global politics in modern day. The entities are Islamism and the â€Å"West†. Reference is made of Huntington’s article that foresaw the cause of conflict in future politics as being driven by the differences between nations and the different groups of civilization. The general assumption from this is the fact that conflicts will thus be cultural. In the â€Å"Clash of Ignorance† the author is against this classification of groups in conflict. Said is in contention of Huntington’s theory on the use of the 9/11 terrorist attack on America as an affirmation to the existence of the two sides in global conflict across the globe CITATION Sai01 l 1033 (Said, 2001). According to Said, the involvement of the terrorists in the 9/11 attacks was just a representation of a small fraction. This thus cannot be construed to be a representation of Islam’s across the world. This argument is strengthened by Said through his allusion to a stand by a practicing Muslim who contends that Islamic extremists are not by any form a representation of the religion in itself but people who are out to distort the face of the religion CITATION Sai01 l 1033 (Said, 2001). Said also argues against the idea that Muslims across the globe have an assumption of being a superior culture. This is indeed not a properly sampled and proved theory with empirical evidence of the billions of Muslims across the globe. The assertion by the Italian Prime Minister of Islam being adamant to being part of modernity is also wrong according to Said. This can be proved through the embracing of different â€Å"western† technologies and the use of the said technologies in the 9/11 attacks on America. Further evidence points at the embracing of western style clothing by some Muslims even the women. The above stated evidence by Said points to the heightened ignorance in factual evidence as regards to calls of existence of conflicts between Islam and the â€Å"West† CITATION Sai01 l 1033 (Said, 2001). In this article, Said makes numerous efforts as a result of lack of evidence to show the divide being asserted between the â€Å"West† and â€Å"Islam†. He points out the different societies across the world where both sides in this alleged divide live in harmony. The increased level of anti-Islamic perspectives s portrayed in the media in the â€Å"West† is enough evidence of the level of hate speech directed towards Muslims who stay in the â€Å"West†. Said contents that the genesis of such anti Islamism begun in Europe in the wake of the destruction of Roman Empire by the Arab conquest. This led to the destruction of Christian unity at that time and now the resentment against Muslims has now been reignited. Positive aspects of the past relationship between the two cultures have been overshadowed by this loathe towards Islam. For instance the west embraced science, sociology and philosophy of Islam yet now they seen to cast negative aspersions about the religion in general based on a few activities of terrorists in the name of religion CITATION Sai01 l 1033 (Said, 2001). In most parts of the article, Said revisits the similarities between the two sides of the alleged divide and accuses the West of having selective memory and double standards. This is based on some of the atrocities committed by the West that are similar to the September 11 attacks in the name of religion. Examples of such atrocities include the Branch Davidians and the supporters of Jim Jones the reverend. Said further attacks the use of powerful idioms in print media in the â€Å"West† since most of these articles do not appreciate the complicated histories between the two sides. He argues that this instead fuel the infatuation of being a Westerner CITATION Sai01 l 1033 (Said, 2001). Said insists on the fact that Islamic extremists misrepresent the religion. This thus can be seen as an effective way to deal with Huntington who uses terrorism to cement the rift between the â€Å"West â€Å"and â€Å"Islam†. The evidence by Said proves his claim of Muslim representation. His demonstration of the lack of distinction between the two sides and the successful integration of the two cultures in clothing, adoption of technology and co-existence in some societies show the lack of conflict between the two cultures. However, his subjective statements across the article taint his argument. His critic of Huntington’s book â€Å"The Root of Muslim Rage† was personal as he says Huntington did confuse himself by showing he is such a clumsy thinker. Generally, this article â€Å"The Clash of Ignorance† is quite a persuasive piece of work and convincing. It makes it easy to understand the complex nature of the theme â€Å"Islamism† and the â€Å"West† CITATION Kar12 l 1033 (Karim Eid, 2012). Conclusion From the analysis explored in this article, the different stakeholders must unite to fight the increasing divide between the two sides of the divide. A closer detailed look at the evidence linking terrorism and Islam raise more speculation about the connection between the two. Terrorism will continue to provide the terrorists a continuous stream of income to finance their activities. Terrorism should thus not be blamed on ideological conflict between the different cultures of the world. Said emphasis is on ignorance and lack of facts on Islam being the reason it is blamed for the increased level of radicalism hence global conflict CITATION Sai01 l 1033 (Said, 2001). References   Huntington, S. P. (2007). The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World. New York: Simon and Schuster. Karim, K. H., Eid, M. (2012). Clash of Ignorance. Global Media Journal Canadian Edition Volume 5, Issue 1, 7-27. Said, E. W. (2001, February 14). Clash of Ignorance. Retrieved from The Nation: www.thenation.com Source document